NBER Summer Instiutute 1990-1991, Cambridge, MA

国家经济研究局夏季研究所将来自大学、政府和国际组织的经济学家聚集在一起，参加几天或几周的研讨会、讲习班、会议和合作研究。去年的暑期学院包括来自全球158所大学和非学术机构的603名经济学家。其中215人是第一次参加。预计今年夏天将有类似数量的人参加。还特别努力吸纳年轻的经济学家。暑期研修课程分为七个课程：经济波动、经济史、金融市场和货币经济学、税收、国际研究、劳动研究和生产力。每个项目都有自己的参与者群体和结构。虽然各项目之间有很大的差异，但典型的暑期学院项目将持续一到三周，每天上午和下午都有专门针对个人研究的研讨会。有些项目以更正式的会议结束。课程可以包括各种各样的主题，也可以围绕一个特定的主题组织。暑期学院为经济学家提供了一个独特的机会，在他们的专业领域与其他人密切合作，进行长期和普遍紧张的研究。尽管许多会议允许研究人员在几个小时内交换意见，但只有NBER的夏季研究所持续的时间足够长，允许来自几个机构的经济学家进行认真的合作。当然，也有接近完成的工作展示，重点放在项目的研讨会方面，在那里提出了新的想法，发展了初步的研究想法，并制定了联合或协调研究工作的计划。

The NBER Summer Institute brings together economists from universities, government and international organizations for a few days or a few weeks of seminars, workshops, conferences and collaborative research. Last year's Summer Institute included 603 economists from 158 universities and nonacademic institutions around the world. Of these, 215 attended for the first time. A similar number is expected to attend this summer. Special efforts are made to include young economists. The Summer Institute is organized into seven programs: economic fluctuations, economic history, financial markets and monetary economics, taxation, international studies, labor studies and productivity. Each program has its own group of participants and its own structure. Although there is considerable variation among programs, a typical Summer Institute program will last for one to three weeks, with seminars each morning and afternoon devoted to individual research. Some programs conclude with a more formal conference. Programs may include a variety of subjects or they may be organized around a specific topic. The Summer Institute provides a unique opportunity for economists to work closely with others in their areas of specialty for extended and generally intense periods of research. Although numerous conferences permit researchers a few hours in which to exchange ideas, only NBER's Summer Institute lasts long enough to allow serious collaboration among economists from several institutions. While there are of course presentations of work nearing completion, emphasis is placed on the workshop aspects of the program, where new ideas are raised, preliminary research ideas are developed and plans for joint or coordinated research efforts are established.