Structure and Economy of Temperate Europe's First Cities

铁器时代晚期的凯尔海姆遗址位于 德国巴伐利亚州的阿尔特穆尔河和多瑙河， 大约600公顷的土地，被一堵墙包围着， 大约3300米长。 它无声地证明了 尤利乌斯之前欧洲城市的复杂性 凯撒和他的罗马军团向北进军， 西欧的大部分地区。 虽然考古学家 一段时间以来，这种土著遗址几乎不存在， 了解它们是如何发展和运作的。 这 在彼得威尔斯博士的指导下， 光在这个过程中。 经过初步的挖掘，威尔斯博士和他的 同事们现在将进行额外的两个领域的季节， 在凯尔海姆工作 它们将打开广阔的水平区域， 结构性和人造遗骸。 他们将分析 他们发现的文物，以及相关的动植物 材料. 大量的铁渣表明， 进行了金属生产，该团队的研究将 也关注这一点。 将收集炉渣和铁样品， 进行实验室分析，以深入了解 制造过程 考古学家想知道这些 早期的网站是有组织的，在多大程度上，一个强大的 中央权威存在。 通过对空间的研究， 整个网站的活动分布以及程度 标准化的制造仍然，这个问题可以是 处理。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。 它将提供 关于欧洲一个鲜为人知的方面的补充信息 史前史 它将揭示复杂的社会， 正如我们自己的第一次出现并得到维持一样。 最后将 为培养几名研究生做出了贡献。

The late Iron Age site of Kelheim, located at the confluence of the Altmuhl and Danube rivers in Bavaria, Germany, covers an area of approximately 600 hectares of land and is enclosed by a wall about 3300 meters long. It provides mute testimony to the size and complexity of European "cities" which existed before Julius Caesar and his Roman legions marched northward and conquered large portions of Western Europe. While archaeologists have known for some time that such indigenous sites existed little is understood about how they developed and functioned. This project, under the direction of Dr. Peter Wells, will shed new light on this process. Following a preliminary season of excavation, Dr. Wells and his colleagues will now conduct an additional two field seasons of work at Kelheim. They will open broad horizontal areas to expose structural and artifactual remains. They will analyze the artifacts they recover, as well as associated floral and faunal materials. Large heaps of iron slag indicate that large scale metal production was carried out, and the team's research will also focus on this. Slag and iron samples will be collected and subjected to laboratory analysis to provide insight into the manufacturing process. Archaeologists wish to know how these early sites were organized and the extent to which a strong central authority existed. By examination of the spatial distribution of activities across the site as well as the degree of standardization of manufactured remains, this question can be addressed. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide additional information on a little-understood aspect of European prehistory. It will shed new light on how complex societies such as our own first arose and were maintained. Finally, it will contribute to the training of several graduate students.