Ethnicity and Enterprise: Self-Employment Among Hispanic and Asian Immigrants in Chicago

移民业务的日益突出吸引了越来越多的研究，但这项提案解决的两个主要问题仍然存在：移民公司有什么鲜明的民族特征？这些鲜明的民族特征对公司的生存、盈利和增长有贡献吗？这项研究是对芝加哥零售和服务行业的自雇人士进行的纵向比较研究。研究人员将对以下群体的新小企业主进行850次采访：古巴人、墨西哥人、波多黎各人、韩国人、中国人、菲律宾人、黑人和白人，两年后重新采访他们。他们正在测试一种少数民族移民融入劳动力市场的模式。这些方法包括随着时间的事件历史分析，以分析企业随时间的生存或死亡。这项研究在几个方面都是新颖的。首先，数据是独一无二的，由芝加哥通用营业执照申请者的综合名单组成。第二，民族创业发展的理论模型是新颖的，它认为民族特征和机会结构之间的相互作用产生了两种截然不同的创业发展模式，这两种模式与移民群体劳动力市场整合的两种模式相关联：替代劳动力和替代企业家。移民融入和企业发展的两种模式与移民的类型、社会背景和群体的组织能力有关，这些差异将影响企业的生存、盈利和成功。

The increased salience of immigrant business has attracted a growing body of research, but two major questions, which this proposal addresses, remain: What is distinctively ethnic about the immigrant firm? Do these distinctive ethnic characteristics contribute to the firm's survival, profitability, and growth? This research is a longitudinal comparative study of self- employed persons in retail and service businesses in Chicago. The researchers will conduct 850 interviews with new small- business owners in the following groups: Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Koreans, Chinese, Philipinos, Blacks and Whites, reinterviewing them two years later. They are testing a model of ethnic immigrant incorporation into the labor market. The methods include event history analysis over time to analyze survival or mortality of the businesses over time. The study is novel in several ways. First, the data is unique, consisting of the comprehensive list of applicants for a General Business License in the city of Chicago. Second, the theoretical model of ethnic entrepreneurial development is novel in arguing that the interaction between ethnic group characteristics and the opportunity structure produces two distinct patterns of entrepreneurial development that are associated with the two modes of labor market incorporation of immigrant groups: replacement labor and replacement entrepreneurs. The two patterns of immigrant incorporation and business development are associated with the type of migration, social background, and organizing capacity of the group, differences that will affect business survival, profitability, and success.