Systematics and Zoogeography of Aquatic Hemiptera of New Guinea

水生半翅目是一个具有相对成熟分类学的世界性类群，可用于解决进化和动物地理学问题。虽然它们在所有热带地区都有丰富的分布，但在亚洲和澳大利亚之间的马来群岛，它们的多样性最大，在那里它们已经辐射出许多当地特有的物种。在这个群岛中，新几内亚岛因其复杂的地质和生物性质而具有特殊的动物地理意义。该岛是由不同部分的构造缝合形成的，本质上与分裂和交替相反，动物来源于温带冈瓦尼亚和热带劳拉斯。因此，它的动物群关系很难用简单的二分类分支梯形图来描述。将经典的枝状图生物地理学与一种涉及枝状图特征分析的相对较新的方法相结合，研究巴布亚动物群的复合性质和关系，以解决这一问题。拟议的研究将分为五个独立的阶段，形成一个逻辑连续体：动物群调查、系统修订、特征分析、系统发育分析和动物地理学假设检验。在资助期内，计划完成4科19属、共约300种植物的修订和分类分析。这些分类学工作将集中于从生物地理学角度来看信息量最大的群体，并将利用新几内亚最近的大量藏品与其他博物馆的藏品相结合。动物地理分析将依赖于先前发表的研究和在这个项目过程中产生的新的系统发育。关于新几内亚与澳大利亚、菲律宾、新喀里多尼亚和马来群岛中部的关系，将测试几个明确的动物地理学假设。本研究产生的系统分类学和分布的基础数据将为从事分类学、生物多样性和保护的科学家提供参考。方法方法的比较将为动物地理学数据的分析提供新的见解，动物地理学的结论将对那些关注构造板块碰撞区动物交换和分布的人感兴趣。最后，这些结果将为地质学家研究马来群岛的构造演化提供有用的比较资料

Aquatic Hemiptera are a worldwide group with a relatively mature taxonomy, which permits use in addressing questions of evolution and zoogeography. Although richly represented in all tropical regions, they attain their greatest diversity in the Malay Archipelago between Asia and Australia, where they have radiated to produce numerous locally endemic species. Within this archipelago, the island of New Guinea is of particular zoogeographical interest due to its composite geological and biological nature. The island was formed through tectonic suturing of disparate parts, essentially the opposite of fragmentation and vicariance, and the fauna is derived from both temperate Gondwanian and tropical Laurasian sources. As a result, its faunal relationships have been difficult to depict on simple dichotomously branching cladograms. The intention is to address this problem by combining classical cladistic biogeography with a relatively new method involving cladogram character analysis to investigate the composite nature and relationships of the Papuan fauna. The proposed study will be divided into five separate phases that form a logical continuum: Faunal survey, systematic revisions, character analysis, phylogenetic analyses, and zoogeographical hypothesis testing. During the granting period, the plan is to complete revisions and cladistic analyses of 19 genera in 4 families, containing a total of approximately 300 species. These taxonomic works will concentrate on groups that are most informative from a biogeographical standpoint, and will use extensive recent collections from New Guinea combined with collections from other museums. The zoogeographical analysis will rely on both previously published studies and the new phylogenies to be generated during the course of this project. Several explicit zoogeographical hypotheses will be tested regarding the relationship of New Guinea to Australia, the Philippines, New Caledonia, and the central Malay Archipelago. The basic data on systematics and distribution generated by this study will be of use to scientists interested in taxonomy, biodiversity and conservation. The comparison of methodological approaches will provide new insights into the analysis of zoogeographical data, and the zoogeographical conclusions will be of interest to those concerned with faunal interchange and distribution in areas of tectonic plate collision. Finally, the results will provide useful comparative information for geologists studying the tectonic evolution of the Malay Archipelago.***