Effects of Kinetic Instabilities on Ion Upwelling Events: A Generalized Fluid Model with Plasma Microprocesses

电离层最近被认为是磁层等离子体的重要来源，在活动期间可能与太阳风一样重要。在白天，在高纬度地区，等离子体在离子上涌事件中加速离开地球，这种现象被称为“裂隙离子喷泉”。这笔赠款是为了研究裂隙离子喷泉的离子加热机制和离子传输动力学，使用一个广义的流体模型，内置了等离子体微过程的微观效应。广义流体模型包含了多组分等离子体的温度各向异性和热流等高阶矩，因此特别适合于动力学不稳定性产生的分离加热和加速的计算。

The ionosphere has recently been recognized as an important source of magnetospheric plasma and may during active times be as important as the solar wind. On the day side at high latitudes plasma is accelerated away from the Earth in ion upwelling events called the "cleft ion fountain". This grant is to study the ion heating mechanisms and ion transport dynamics of the cleft ion fountain using a generalized fluid model, with the microscopic effects of plasma microprocesses built in. The generalized fluid model contains higher moments, such as, temperature anisotropies and heat flows of multispecies plasma, and is therefore particularly will suited for calculations of parting heating and acceleration produced by kinetic instabilities.