A Kinetic Investigation of Plasma Instabilities Driven By Energetic Particles

高能粒子驱动的等离子体不稳定性的动力学研究

• 批准号: 2010240
• 负责人: Damiano Caprioli
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2010240&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Kinetic; Investigation; Plasma; Instabilities; Driven

This project will enable better understanding of the generation of cosmic rays throughout the Universe. The Universe is permeated with plasma, an ionized gas where magnetic fields and charged particles evolve under their mutual interaction. A small fraction of the charged particles may be accelerated to very large energies and, despite being less than one percent in number, affect the overall plasma in a prominent way. The project aims to study via controlled, self-consistent numerical plasma simulations the processes through which such energetic particles generate and are impacted by magnetic fields in the solar system and other astrophysical environments. The project will train graduate and undergraduate students, with particular emphasis on attracting underrepresented minorities into the field, while the new knowledge is likely to improve our ability to predict space weather and may impact design of future fusion reactors.Non-thermal particles can be produced via several different physical phenomena such as shocks, magnetic reconnection, and turbulence, tapping into the free energy of the system, be it kinetic or magnetic. The streaming of solar energetic particles in the heliosphere and cosmic rays in astrophysical contexts naturally produces a restoring back-reaction in the thermal plasma, which leads to tangling/amplification of the initial magnetic field. Kinetic particle-in-cell simulations will be used to quantify ab-initio the self-generated scattering of the energetic particles and how energy is partitioned into electromagnetic fields, plasma heating, and bulk motions. Instabilities driven by energetic ions and electrons are key to the phenomenology of diverse space/astrophysical environments, such as collisionless shocks, the solar wind, and pulsar wind nebulae.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将使人们能够更好地了解整个宇宙中宇宙射线的产生。 宇宙充满了等离子体，一种电离气体，磁场和带电粒子在它们的相互作用下演化。一小部分带电粒子可能被加速到非常大的能量，尽管数量不到1%，但会以显著的方式影响整个等离子体。 该项目旨在通过受控的、自洽的等离子体数值模拟来研究这些高能粒子产生的过程，以及这些高能粒子在太阳系和其他天体物理环境中受到磁场影响的过程。 该项目将对研究生和本科生进行培训，特别强调吸引代表性不足的少数民族进入该领域，而新知识可能会提高我们预测空间天气的能力，并可能影响未来聚变反应堆的设计。非热粒子可以通过几种不同的物理现象产生，如冲击，磁重联和湍流，利用系统的自由能，无论是动力学的还是磁性的。在天体物理学背景下，日光层中的太阳高能粒子和宇宙射线的流动自然会在热等离子体中产生恢复反反应，这导致初始磁场的纠缠/放大。动力学粒子细胞模拟将被用来量化从头算的高能粒子的自生散射，以及如何将能量划分为电磁场，等离子体加热，和散装运动。由高能离子和电子驱动的不稳定性是各种空间/天体物理环境现象学的关键，如无碰撞冲击、太阳风和脉冲星风星云。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Microphysics of Diffusive Shock Acceleration: Impact on the Spectrum of Accelerated Particles

扩散激波加速的微观物理：对加速粒子谱的影响

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac6182
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Cristofari, Pierre;Blasi, Pasquale;Caprioli, Damiano
• 通讯作者: Caprioli, Damiano

Hadronic versus Leptonic Origin of Gamma-Ray Emission from Supernova Remnants

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ace699
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Nicholas J. Corso;R. Diesing;D. Caprioli

Evidence for Multiple Shocks from the γ-Ray Emission of RS Ophiuchi

RS Ophiuchi γ 射线发射多重冲击的证据

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acc105
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Diesing, Rebecca;Metzger, Brian D.;Aydi, Elias;Chomiuk, Laura;Vurm, Indrek;Gupta, Siddhartha;Caprioli, Damiano
• 通讯作者: Caprioli, Damiano

Phase-space Energization of Ions in Oblique Shocks

斜激波中离子的相空间能量

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acaf53
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Juno, James;Brown, Collin R.;Howes, Gregory G.;Haggerty, Colby C.;TenBarge, Jason M.;Wilson III, Lynn B.;Caprioli, Damiano;Klein, Kristopher G.
• 通讯作者: Klein, Kristopher G.

Fast Particle Acceleration in 3D Hybrid Simulations of Quasiperpendicular Shocks

准垂直冲击 3D 混合模拟中的快速粒子加速

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.095201
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Orusa, Luca;Caprioli, Damiano
• 通讯作者: Caprioli, Damiano