The Effects of Social Networks on Labor-Market Outcomes

人们早就认识到，许多工人找到工作 通过朋友和亲戚。 一些地区劳动力市场 经济学家的研究表明， 在招聘过程中的社会联系，而一些研究， 社会学家的研究证实了社会的重要性 影响劳动力市场结果的联系， 个人工资和工作满意度。 这些研究方向 专注于工人用来找工作的具体联系方式，而不是 而不是工人社会的一般特征 网络 该项目正式提出的假设， 社会学家对社交网络的研究， 更好地解释现有的劳动力市场实证工作 结果和过程，以及制定更适当的测试 战略布局它还建立了一个模型，表明均衡 不同群体之间的工资和劳动力参与差异 可能是推荐雇用的副产品。 除了复制观察到的 工资和参与的差异，该模型还预测， 更多地使用男性转诊，并观察到自己转诊的模式， 性介绍 本研究旨在发展 劳动力市场的社会网络效应有助于填补 劳动经济学，它有助于整合 经济学中的最优化和均衡方法 社交网络领域的社会学实证工作。 这 项目对理解收益具有重要意义 不平等及其代代相传、贫穷和 “下层阶级”和找工作的过程。

It has long been recognized that many workers find jobs through friends and relatives. A number of area labor-market studies carried out by economists attest to the importance of social contacts in the hiring process, whereas a number of studies carried out by sociologists confirm the importance of social contacts in influencing labor-market outcomes in the form of individuals' wages and job satisfaction. These lines of research focus on the specific contact used by a worker to find a job rather than on more general characteristics of the worker's social network. This project formalizes hypotheses offered by sociologists about social networks with the aim of facilitating better interpretation of existing empirical work on labor-market outcomes and processes and of developing more appropriate testing strategies. It also develops a model that suggests that equilibrium differences in wage and labor-force participation between groups may be a byproduct of referral hiring. Beyond reproducing observed differences in wages and participation, the model also predicts the greater use of referrals by males and an observed pattern of own- sex referrals. This research to develop the theoretical underpinnings of social network effects in the labor market helps fill a gap in labor economics, and it contributes to the integration of the optimizing and equilibrium methods of economics into important sociological empirical work in the area of social networks. This project has important implications for understanding earnings inequality and its transmission across generations, poverty and the "underclass," and the process of the job search.