Restructuring Innovation: Geographical Perspectives on Technology Development

与经济活动的其他方面一样，创新和技术发展的空间格局在最近几十年中发生了重大变化。个别公司内部和公司集团之间发展活动的新形式包括合资企业、许可协议以及研究和发展财团。对这些趋势的研究长期依赖于理论和轶事证据，但缺乏系统的实证分析。这个项目将集中于两个中心问题：随着越来越多的活动通过个别公司框架外的安排进行，工业创新和技术发展的地理格局如何发生变化？随着创新和技术发展外部化程度的提高，企业之间的沟通和其他互动发生了怎样的变化？这些问题的答案将来自对工业化学、计算机和计算机辅助设计和制造设备行业的管理人员进行的详细调查所收集的信息。将对这些数据进行定量和统计分析，以确定近年来创新和技术发展的地理维度发生变化的程度。这个项目将提供关于三个不同行业的工业企业之间发展联系的形式和规模的新数据。对这些数据的分析将为创新和技术发展的变化空间形式提供新的见解，并将为比较评价其他行业变化模式提供基础。

As with other facets of economic activity, spatial patterns of innovation and technological development have changed substantially in recent decades. New forms of developmental activity within individual firms and among groups of firms include joint ventures, licensing agreements, and research and development consortiums. Research on these trends has been long on theory and anecdotal evidence but short on systematic empirical analysis. This project will focus on two central questions: How have geographic patterns of industrial innovation and technological development changed as more activities have been conducted through arrangements outside the framework of individual firms? How have communications and other interactions among firms changed in response to increased externalization of innovation and technological development? Answers to these questions will result from information gathered through detailed surveys of executives in the industrial chemical, computer, and computer-assisted design and manufacturing equipment industries. These data will be analyzed quantitatively and statistically to determine the degree to which geographic dimensions of innovation and technological development have changed in recent years. This project will provide new data about the form and magnitude of developmental linkages among industrial firms for three different industries. Analyses of these data will provide new insights into changing spatial forms of innovation and technological development, and they will provide a basis for comparative evaluation of changing patterns in other industries.