Studies on the Improvement of Mesoscale Numerical Weather Predictions Using Continuous Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation

遥感技术的快速发展使对大气进行近连续的精细空间监测成为可能。最近部署了几个新的观测系统，包括风廓线仪、NEXRAD多普勒雷达、自动地面观测站、计算机辅助飞机观测系统和改进的卫星仪器，或将于20世纪90年代部署在美国的S。与此同时，计算能力增加了数量级的计算机设备已经提供给美国国家气象局(NWS)。这些进展为数值天气预报(NWP)的重大改进提供了机会，30公里分辨率中尺度模式(THE)的发展就是例证。模型)在国家气象中心(NMC)，计划于1992年左右投入业务使用。核动力源改进的一个关键因素是更准确地说明初始状态，利用要部署的先进系统的全部能力。这项工作结合了两种数学方法(“轻推”和伴随方程方法)，发展了一个4维(空间和时间)数据同化(4DDA)方案。在PSU对这一方案进行了测试和评估。根据PSU的研究结果，NMC已经表示有兴趣转移该方案并在操作环境中进行测试。

Rapid advances in remote sensing technology have made possible nearly continous monitoring of the atmosphere in fine spatial de- tail. Several new observing systems, including wind profilers, NEXRAD doppler radars, automated surface observing stations, computer-assisted aircraft observing systems, and improved satellite instrumentation have either been recently deployed, or will be deployed in the U.S. in the 1990's. At the same time computer facilities with order-of magnitude increases in computational capability have become available to the National Weather Service (NWS). These advances offer opportunites for significant improvements in numerical weather prediction (NWP), exemplified by development of a 30-km resolution mesoscale model (the . model) at the National Meteorological Center (NMC), scheduled for operational use in about 1992. A critical element in the advancement of NWP is the more accurate specification of the initial state, using the full capability of the advanced systems to be deployed. The work proposed combines two mathematical approaches ("nudging" and the adjoint equation method) in the development of a 4-dimensional (spatial and time) data assimilation (4DDA) scheme. It carries through to the testing and evaluation of such a scheme at PSU. The NMC has already expressed interest, contigent upon the PSU research results, in transferring the scheme and testing it in an operational environment.