Quantitative Characterization of the Frequency Dependence ofAcoustic Backscattering from Zooplankton and Micronekton

声学在提供海洋生物分布的快速调查和长期时间序列方面起着至关重要的作用。回声测深仪通常用于1)绘制体积散射体的空间分布图，2)在网或泵收集的数据之间进行插值，以及3)在网或泵无法实际使用（例如在物流困难的地区）和/或成本效益不高的情况下提供数据。为了使这些声学方法定量，需要使用精确的散射模型，将回声水平与有意义的生物参数（如动物大小、空间和时间分布）联系起来。目前可用的模型还没有达到足够先进的状态，无法可靠地使用。

Acoustics plays a crucial role in providing rapid surveys and long- term time series of distributions of marine organisms. Echo sounders are typically used to 1) map the spatial distribution of volume scatterers, 2) interpolate between data collected by nets or pumps, and 3) provide data when net or pumps are not practical for use(such as in logistically dificult regions) and/or cost- effective. In order that these acoustic methods be quantitative, accurate scattering models need to be used which relate the echo levels to meaningful biological parameters such as animal size, spatial, and temporal distributions. The models that are currently available are not at a sufficiently advanced state for reliable use.