Economies of Expertise: Factors Promoting Comprehensive Local Hazards Management

自十年前首次提出全面应急管理的概念以来，一致的抱怨是，地方政府没有对管理的缓解和恢复规划阶段给予足够的重视危险，与备灾和应对相比。洛马普里埃塔地震的教训是，更多的地方政府机构不仅需要参与到减灾行动中来，而且是在恢复和重建方面。该项目调查了当地应急管理机构和规划部门之间改善协作如何产生专业经济，从而在危害管理的所有阶段作出更全面的努力。为了支持这一目标，规划部门是当地资源开发不足的一个重要来源。理论表明，机构之间特定形式的沟通和合作可以在不同的环境和环境下促进更有效的努力组织条件。通过对大约400个城市的规划和应急管理机构进行双重抽样，对这一命题进行了检验唯一的纵向数据可用。四个案例研究涵盖了国家样本的失败和成功，为调查数据以及交流所需的信息提供了进一步的深度通过面向用户的项目摘要取得成果。除了对应急管理和减灾组织的研究作出贡献外，该项目扩展了先前对组织间关系和城市政策的研究。

Since the concept of comprehensive emergency management was first promoted a decade ago, consistent complaints have been made that local governments fail to give enough attention to the mitigation and recovery planning phases of managing hazards, compared to preparedness and response. A lesson from the Loma Prieta earthquake is that a wider group of local government agencies need to be involved not only in mitigation, but also in recovery and reconstruction. This project investigates how improved collaboration between local emergency management agencies and planning departments may produce economies of expertise that result in a more comprehensive effort in all phases of hazards management. Planning departments are a significant source of poorly tapped local resources to support that objective. Theory suggests that specific forms of communication and cooperation between the agencies can promote more effective effort under different environmental and organizational conditions. That proposition is tested through a dual sample of the planning and emergency management agencies among approximately 400 cities for which unique longitudinal data are available. Four case studies that cover failures and successes from the national sample provide further depth to the survey data as well as information needed to communicate results through a user-oriented project summary. As well as contributing to research on organization for emergency management and hazard mitigation, the project extends prior research on interorgaizational relations and urban policy.