Observational and Modeling Studies of the Mesoscale Land-Air-Sea Interaction Processes during GALE (1986)

冬季气旋的迅速发展和加强 在沿海地区，这是一个主要的天气预报问题。 沿着东部沿海，气旋风暴的发展， 锋面系统经常发生在沿着海岸地区的 你好 这些天气系统可能会导致 人口稠密的东北走廊以冻雨的形式， 大雪、暴风雪和大面积的海岸侵蚀。 为了 为了研究这些现象，国家科学基金会赞助了 一项名为“大西洋起源”的深入实地调查 Lows实验（GALE）。 GALE的现场阶段是两个- 1986年冬季，多个机构奋进。 作为GALE的一部分，主要研究者 有助于设计和实施一个网络， 在最低的三公里内热量和水分的重新分布 of the atmosphere大气over the ocean海洋which哪一个is known已知as the marine海洋 边界层（MBL）。 MBL与海气相互作用 过程似乎在疾病的发生中发挥着重要作用 气旋或现有气旋的增强。 迄今为止的分析表明， 流和陆-气-海界面都在加强 气旋风暴和锋面系统的形成。 低水平 边界层环流强迫和斜压增加 边界层的不稳定性似乎是主要的机制 以增强风暴强度 此外，已经发现， 微分边界层修改可能是主要的机制 形成了一些海岸线 通过对调查期间收集的数据进行诊断性研究， GALE和数值建模，主要研究者将 继续探索沿海气旋生成的动力学， 气旋风暴增强 科学问题是 解决包括：什么是表面的相对贡献 在近海气旋生成中强迫与高层强迫的对比？ 什么 是海岸锋生和初期 气旋生成 海岸弯曲对海岸线的影响是什么？ 近海气旋生成 日变化的作用是什么 海岸线上的陆地变化

The rapid development and intensification of winter cyclones in coastal regions presents a major weather forecasting problem. Along the eastern seaboard, the development of cyclonic storms and frontal systems often occurs along the coastal region of the Carolinas. These weather systems may lead to severe weather in the heavily populated Northeast Corridor in the form of freezing rain, heavy snowfall, blizzards and extensive coastal erosion. In order to study these phenomena, the National Science Foundation sponsored an intensive field investigation known as the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE). The field phase of the GALE was a two- month, multi-agency endeavor executed during the winter of 1986. As part of the GALE, the Principal Investigator was instrumental in designing and implementing a network to study the redistribution of heat and moisture in the lowest three kilometers of the atmopshere over the ocean which is known as the marine boundary layer (MBL). The MBL and ocean-atmosphere interaction processes appear to play an important role in the genesis of cyclones or in the intensification of an existing cyclone. Analysis to date has demonstrated the importance of the Gulf Stream and the land-air-sea interface in both the intensification of cyclonic storms and the formation of frontal systems. Low level forcing by boundary layer circulations and increase in baroclinic instability in the boundary layer appear to be primary mechanisms for storm intensification. Additionally, it has been found that differential boundary layer modification may be the main mechanism for the formation of some coastal fronts. Through diagnostic studies of the data collected during the GALE and numerical modeling the Principal Investigator will continue to explore the dynamics of coastal cyclogenesis and cyclonic storm intensification. Scientific questions to be addressed include: What is the relative contribution of surface forcing versus upper level forcing in offshore cyclogenesis? What is the relationship between the coastal frontogenesis and incipient cyclogenesis? What is the effect of coastal curvature on the offshore cyclogenesis? What is the role of the diurnal variation of the land processes on the coastal front?