Critical and Hydrodynamic Effects in Confined Helium

人们习惯的大多数材料都是无限大的，性质是三维的。这意味着它们的特殊尺寸在各个方向上的距离上都比相应的长度尺度大得多。这种长度尺度的一个例子是原子间距离。然而，在许多情况下，例如在系统经历相变时，或在低温下，其他更大的长度尺度变得重要。因此，一个在大多数情况下可能看起来相当大的系统，在这些情况下变得有限，并显示出行为上的戏剧性变化。量化这种行为变化是非常重要的，因为它涉及到他们理解维度的作用的核心，无论是就其技术含义而言，还是就其科学含义而言。氦由于具有许多有利条件，如其超流体性质，是研究禁闭效应和维度作用的理想系统。这个项目由一些单独的实验组成，这些实验一旦完成，将对这一理解做出重大贡献。

Most Materials to which one is accustomed are infinite in size and three-dimensional in character. By this it is meant that their special dimensions extend over distances, in all directions, which are much larger than relevant length scales. An example of this length scale is the interatomic distance. In many circumstances, however, such as at the point where a system undergoes a phase transformation, or at low temperatures, other, much larger length scales become important. Thus a system, which for most purposes might look quite large becomes, under these circumstances, finite and shows dramatic change in behavior. Quantifying this change in behavior is very important, since it goes to the heart of their understanding of the role of dimensionality both in terms of its technological as well as its scientific implications. Helium, because of a number of favorable circumstances, such as its superfluid properties, is an ideal system to study effects of confinement and the role of dimensionality. This project consists of a number of separate experiments, which, when completed, will make a significant contribution to this understanding.