A Physical/Chemical/Biological Simulation Model of Southern Ocean Air-Sea-Ice Interactions to Predict Carbon Source/Sink Intensity

这个物理-生物学模型研究 控制着二氧化碳在海洋和 南大洋的大气层是 哥伦比亚大学和南加州大学。 该项目的这一部分涉及物理和化学 海洋中决定二氧化碳通量的过程。 在这方面，南大洋特别重要 因为它代表了全球两个地区之一， 对流使上升的水团得以通风， 地表沃茨的下沉带走了未被利用的养分 从真光层。 这个地区有很大的物理范围， 化学和生物过程，因此， 的二氧化碳通量也很大，使个人 年平均值的估计量很差。 实际上它 目前尚不清楚该地区是否是净吸收地区， 向大气中释放二氧化碳。 现有的一维模型描述了垂直 空气/海洋/冰的相互作用和能量通量将被修改， 包括海气交换的影响和相关的 化学和碳流内的南极社区 海洋上层 将进行一系列实验， 确定模型对参数化方案的敏感性， 初始条件和边界条件。 最终，模型 将与一个全球环流模型相结合， 戈达德空间研究所为了回答这样的具体问题 问题是什么因素决定了一般的 浮游植物的水平分布模式， 基于卫星的彩色扫描仪; 色素分布和初级生产力率;什么 一部分是可出口到深海的新产品， 是深海中生物产生的二氧化碳流量 南大洋。

This physical-biological modeling study of the interactions that control the exchange of carbon dioxide between the ocean and the atmosphere in the Southern Ocean is a joint effort between Columbia University and the University of Southern California. This component of the project concerns the physical and chemical processes in the ocean that determine the fluxes of carbon dioxide. The Southern Ocean is of particular importance in this context because it represents one of the two global regions where deep convection allows the ventilation of upwelling water masses, and where the sinking of surface waters removes unutilized nutrients from the euphotic zone. This area has a large range of physical, chemical, and biological processes, so that the seasonal amplitude of the carbon dioxide flux is also large, and makes individual observations poor estimators of the annual mean value. In fact it is currently not clear whether this region is one of net uptake or release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. An existing one-dimensional model which describes the vertical air/sea/ice interactions and energy fluxes will be modified to include the effects of air-sea gas exchange and the relevant chemistry and carbon flow within the planktonic communities of the upper ocean. A series of experiments will be performed to determine the sensitivity of the model to parameterization schemes, initial conditions, and boundary conditions. Ultimately the model will be coupled to a global circulation model developed by the Goddard Institute of Space Studies in order to answer such specific questions as what are the factors that determine the general patterns of horizontal phytoplankton distribution as observed by satellite-based color scanners; what is the relationship between pigment distributions and rates of primary productivity; what fraction is new production exportable to the deep ocean, and what is the magnitude of the biogenic flux of carbon dioxide in the deep Southern Ocean.