Telephone Survey of Sound Change in Progress

摘要 这项研究将使用电话调查北美 英语方言来追溯语言学的发展 在广泛的地理范围内的进展变化。 电话 访谈提供了一种快速、廉价的广泛抽样方法， 地理区域，采样密度与 数据的变化。 该调查将建立一个网络， 母语为英语的人可以重复面试， 获得广泛的语音和音韵信息 的变量。 获得的数据将用于调查 语言变化理论中的一般问题，以及 提供英语地区特色的国家地图。 目前对英语方言的研究表明， 和广泛的区域格局日益多样化， 链转移，合并，词汇分裂和发声 液体. 一些校长被提议解释 这些变化的地理传播和传播 包括具体的量化模型， 面扩散 确认这些模型的努力已经 到目前为止仅限于小范围的社会语言学研究; 已经收集的区域数据随着时间的推移而分散， 空间的方式，抑制比较。 而且 传统的方言学方法无法收集信息， 对言语的感知和分类需要调查 音系变化的机制和传统的重点 关于农村社区的报告没有提供所需的数据， 调查群落大小与 推进变革。 对中北部各州的试点调查结果显示， 在招募一些受试者和 获取语音和音韵信息， 声音变化的区域分化在进行中。 电流 电话录音的仪器分析方法提供 足够数量和内部可靠性的数据， 独立的元音系统。 对中东的广泛调查 美国西部将从东部边界进行 美国俄亥俄州的一部分，从俄亥俄州向西到大陆分水岭 河流向北至加拿大边境。 调查将收集 这些数据将追踪北方 城市元音的变化，它与南方元音的变化， 多空合并开/0/，正在进行的合并前的液体 和鼻音，以及短的紧张的词汇分布 a和o在过去发生分裂的地区。 样本将代表地理和 社区的人口规模。 抽样的基本单位将 成为最大城市化中心的影响区域， 建立在报纸发行量上。

ABSTRACT This research will use a telephone survey of North American dialects of English to trace the development of linguistic changes in progress on a broad geographic scale. Telephone interviews offer a rapid and inexpensive method of sampling broad geographic areas with a sampling density proportionate to the variation in the data. The survey will establish a network of native speakers who are available for repeated interviews to obtain both phonetic and phonological information on a wide range of variables. The data obtained will be used to investigate general questions in the theory of language change, as well as provide national maps of the regional features of English. Current research on English dialects shows continued change and increasing diversification of broad regional patterns through chain shifts, mergers, lexical splits and the vocalization of liquids. A number of principals have been proposed to account for the geographic spread and transmission of these changes across generations, including specific quantitative models for areal diffusion. Efforts to confirm these models have been limited so far to sociolinguistic studies of small areas; the regional data that has been gathered is dispersed over time and space in ways that inhibit comparison. Furthermore, the traditional methods of dialectology do not gather the information on perception and categorization of speech needed to investigate the mechanism of phonological change, and the traditional focus on rural communities does not provide the data needed to investigate the correlation between community size and the advancement of change. Results of a pilot survey of the North Central States show considerable success in recruiting a number of subjects and in obtaining phonetic and phonological information that shows clear regional differentiation of sound changes in progress. Current methods of instrumental analyses of telephone recordings provide data of sufficient quantity and internal reliability to map individual vowel systems. An extended survey of the Middle Western United States will be conducted from the eastern boundary of Ohio westward to the Continental Divide and from the Ohio River northward to the Canadian border. The survey will gather data that will trace the progress and mechanism of the Northern Cities vowel shift, its relation to the southern vowel shift, the merger of long and short open /0/, ongoing mergers before liquids and nasals, and the lexical distribution of the tensing of short a and o in those regions where splits have occurred in the past. The sample will be representative of both geography and the population size of communities. The basic unit of sampling will be areas of influence of the largest urbanized centers as established by newspaper circulation.