RUI: Study of the Structure and Dynamics of Great Lakes Winter Storms

9224384冬季风暴以雪和冻雨的形式产生的伯德降水是最具破坏性的气象现象。在之前的一项奖励中，首席调查人员利用观测数据和数值模型研究了发生在五大湖背风一侧的极大降雪。所取得的成就包括查明有助于产生局部大雪的关键边界层和大气参数。首席调查员将与美国国家气象局合作，继续这项研究。计划开展的活动包括开发一个更复杂的数值模式，并扩大其调查范围，以包括五大湖对气旋冬季风暴的当地影响。研究目标包括：1.记录影响湖面雪区内和迎风的气象场的时空变异性，重点研究边界层稳定性、深度、水汽和风切变在调节这些扰动中的作用；2.研究动力强迫机制在五大湖区冬季波浪气旋相关的中尺度湖面雪带和中尺度降水结构形成和维持中的作用；3.研究多湖相互作用对湖面雪带形成和维持的影响；4.研究地形对湖泊影响雪带分布和行为的影响；5.确定五大湖及其周围地形在与五大湖区冬季气旋相关的中尺度降水特征分布和行为中的重要性。***

9224384 Byrd Precipitation from winter storms in the form of snow and freezing rain are among the most disruptive of meteorological phenomena. Under a previous award, the Principal Investigators have used observational data and a numerical model to study the extremely heavy snowfalls that occur on the lee side of the Great Lakes. Accomplishments have included identifying critical boundary layer and atmospheric parameters that are conducive to producing locally heavy snowfalls. The Principal Investigators in cooperation with the National Weather Service will continue this research. Planned activities include developing a more sophisticated numerical model and expansion of their investigations to include the local influence of the Great Lakes on cyclonic winter storms. Research objectives include: 1. Documenting the spatial and temporal variability of meteorological fields within and upwind of lake-effect snow regions, focussing on the role of boundary layer stability, depth, moisture and wind shear in modulating these disturbances; 2. Investigating the role of dynamical forcing mechanisms in the formation and maintenance of mesoscale lake-effect snow bands and mesoscale precipitation structures associated with winter season wave cyclones of the Great Lakes region; 3. Studying the effect of multiple-lake interactions on the formation and maintenance of lake-effect snow bands; 4. Investigating the effects of orography on the distribution and behavior of lake-effect snow bands; 5. Determining the importance of the Great Lakes and the surrounding topography in the distribution and behavior of mesoscale precipitation features associated with winter season cyclones in the Great Lakes region. ***