NSF Young Investigator Award

该研究计划的重点是基本面 静电喷涂及其一些新的应用 多相燃烧领域的技术， 气雾剂药物治疗 第一次申请的目的 是研究电喷雾的形成和燃烧， 在正常重力和降低重力下层流和层流状态下的液体燃料， 湍流状态 潜在的哲学方法 是提供一个实验性的安排， 允许系统地研究喷雾的演变和燃烧， 配置的连续增加的水平， 复杂性，从层流喷雾到完全湍流 一个 设计了一种逆流扩散火焰燃烧器 并用于稳定半抗原的自持ES火焰。 这种配置允许液滴-液滴的解耦 和液滴与气体的相互作用， 表示定义明确的两相燃烧流， 可以系统地改变环境场。 最终目标 这个实验方法的一个重要特点是， 三维液滴-液滴相互作用的状态， 目前还没有实验结果。 的 下一级复杂性涉及"注入" 湍流进入气流中， 以不同强度为特征的湍流情景 和鳞片。 这些实验将解决以下问题： 液滴/湍流相互作用，其表现为 双向耦合。 作为这项活动的一部分，实验将 在落塔设施中进行以描述影响 自然对流对电喷雾燃烧的影响。 第二种电喷雾应用是在气溶胶领域 药物治疗，急性和慢性呼吸道疾病 通过施用各种物质来治疗， 空气中分散的小"颗粒"，通常由 纯液体或液体混合物的，如水或含水的 盐溶液，其中药物溶解或 停职了 静电喷雾似乎是一种很好的 这项任务的候选人，因为在适当的实验 条件是它能够产生单分散液滴 可用于雾化纯液体 或大分子的悬浮液（从而使其本身 脂质体包封剂的分散体）。 水性盐水 脂质体在液体载体中的溶液和悬浮液 将被电喷雾以产生受控尺寸的液滴 和尺寸分布在1 - 8微米范围内， 肺部沉积。 液体流速的影响，物理 特性，并且所产生的液滴上的电场将 被研究。 传递线在路径中的影响， 产生到吸入对气雾剂粒度分布的影响， 传播也将被调查。

This research program focuses on the fundamentals of electrostatic spraying and some novel applications of this technology in the areas of multiphase combustion and targeted aerosol drug therapy. The objective of the first application is the study of the formation and burning of electrosprays of liquid fuels at both normal and reduced gravity in laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The underlying philosophical approach is that of providing an experimental arrangement that will allow a systematic study of spray evolution and burning in configurations of successively increasing levels of complexity, starting from laminar sprays to fully turbulent ones. A counterflow diffusion flame burner has been designed and used to stabilize a self-sustained ES flame of haptene. This configuration allows the decoupling of droplet-droplet and droplet-gas interactions from turbulence complications and represents a well-defined two-phase combustion flow whose ambient field can be systematically varied. The ultimate goal of this experimental approach is that of eventually burning in a regime of three-dimensional droplet-droplet interaction, for which no experimental results are currently available. The next level of complexity involves the "injection" of turbulence into the gas stream with synthesis of various turbulence scenarios characterized by different intensities and scales. These experiments will address the issue of droplets/turbulence interaction which manifests itself as a two-way coupling. As part of this activity, experiments will be conducted in a drop-tower facility to delineate the effects of natural convection on combustion of electrosprays. A second electrospray application lies in the area of aerosol drug therapy, whereby acute and chronic respiratory diseases are treated by administration of a variety of substances as airborne dispersions of small "particles", typically composed of pure liquids or liquid mixtures such as water or aqueous saline solutions, in which drugs are either dissolved or suspended. An electrostatic spray appears to be an excellent candidate for this task, since under appropriate experimental conditions it is capable of generating monodisperse droplets of arbitrary size and can be used to aerosolize pure liquids or suspensions of macromolecules (thus lending itself to dispersion of liposome encapsulated agents). Aqueous saline solutions and suspensions of liposomes in a liquid carrier will be electrosprayed to generate droplets of controlled size and size distribution in the 1-8 micron range for targeted pulmonary deposition. Effects of liquid flow rate, physical properties, and electric field on the generated droplets will be studied. The influence of a delivery line in the path from generation to inhalation on the aerosol size distribution and transmission will also be investigated.