Exports of Ozone and Its Precursors from the Nothern Mid-Latitudes Continents

这是一个为期3年的建模和数据分析项目，旨在研究中纬度北部大陆向全球大气输出的臭氧、活性氮氧化物、非甲烷碳氢化合物和一氧化碳，并评估由此产生的对全球对流层臭氧的人为扰动。这项工作将包括使用三维化学示踪模型（CTM）进行全年模拟。该项目的第一阶段将重点关注北美和流出地区。在这一阶段需要解决的具体问题包括(1)美国人为排放的活性氮氧化物的命运，(2)每单位排放的活性氮氧化物的臭氧产量，(3)北美向全球大气出口臭氧及其前体，以及(4)过氧化物作为光化学活性示踪剂的用途。该项目的第二阶段将涉及将CTM扩展到温带北半球的规模。在这一阶段要处理的具体问题包括：(1)从欧洲和亚洲出口臭氧及其前体，(2)在遥远大气中每单位活性氮氧化物的臭氧产量，(3)人类活动对北半球温带臭氧水平的影响，以及(4)臭氧的跨对流层顶运输。

9304217 Jacob This is a 3 year program of modeling and data analysis to study the exports of ozone, reactive nitrogen oxides, non-methane hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide form the northern mid-latitudes continents to the global atmosphere, and to assess the resulting anthropogenic perturbation to global tropospheric ozone. The work will involve full-year simulations using a 3 dimensional chemical tracer model (CTM). The first stage of the project will focus on North America and outflow regions. Specific issues to be addressed in that stage include (1) the fate of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen oxides emitted in the U.S., (2) the yield of ozone per unit reactive nitrogen oxides emitted, (3) the exports of ozone and its precursors form North America to the global atmosphere, and (4)_ the usefulness of peroxides as tracers of photochemical activity. The second stage of the project will involve expansion of the CTM to the scale of the extratropical northern hemisphere. Specific issues to be addressed in that stage include: (1) the exports of ozone and its precursors from Europe and Asia, (2) the yield of ozone per unit reactive nitrogen oxides in the remote atmosphere, (3) the effect of human activity on ozone levels in the extratropical northern hemisphere, and (4) the cross-tropopause transport of ozone.