Materials Synthesis and Processing in Carbon Dioxide

该奖项由环境友好的化学合成和加工计划颁发，由化学部和化学与运输系统工程部联合资助。环境保护局污染预防和毒物办公室提供了额外的支持，行业合作伙伴来自杜邦、3M和联合利华研究公司。北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校化学系的约瑟夫·M·德西蒙(Joseph M.DeSimone)将开发使用二氧化碳溶剂系统的化学合成和加工技术，用于均相和非均相制造过程，德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校化学工程的基思·P·约翰斯顿(Keith P.Johnston)将研究微乳液的相行为和结构。二氧化碳是化学反应的一种环境友好的分散介质，已被证明对聚合反应有用。在二氧化碳溶剂中，本研究将研究：(1)均匀条件下材料的合成；(2)微乳液和乳液的相行为和结构；(3)利用分散和乳液技术合成材料；(4)集中于所需形貌的产品分离的材料加工。化学工业使用大量的有机和氯化溶剂，这带来了严重的处置或回收问题。本项目将研究二氧化碳作为聚合物生产的替代溶剂的效用，包括重整和挤出步骤。超临界流体的基本性质和在该介质中的反应化学将被研究。具有代表性的合成路线将进行测试，因此积极的结果可以扩展到许多系统。

This award is made in the Environmentally Benign Chemical Synthesis and Processing Program and is jointly funded by the Division of Chemistry and the Division of Chemical and Transport Systems Engineering. Additional support is provided by the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the industrial collaborators are from DuPont, 3M, and Unilever Research. Joseph M. DeSimone of the Chemistry Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, will develop chemical synthesis and processing technologies using carbon dioxide-based solvent systems for both homogeneous and heterogeneous manufacturing processing, and Keith P. Johnston of the Chemical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin will perform studies of phase behavior and structures of microemulsions. Carbon dioxide is an environmentally sound dispersing medium for chemical reactions, and has been shown to be useful for polymerization reactions. In carbon dioxide solvent, this research will study: (1) synthesis of materials under homogeneous conditions; (2) phase behavior and structure of microemulsions and emulsions; (3) synthesis of materials utilizing dispersions and emulsion techniques; and (4) processing of materials concentrating on product isolation with desired morphologies. Chemical industry uses large volumes of organic and chlorinated solvents which present serious disposal or recycling problems. The utility of carbon dioxide as a replacement solvent for the manufacture of polymers, including reforming and extrusion steps, will be examined in this project. Fundamental properties of supercritical fluids and reaction chemistry in this medium will be investigated. Representative synthetic routes will be tested, so that positive results could be extended to many systems.