Global Seismograph Network Improvements

9319923 赫特 地球的深层内部仍然是一个主要的科学前沿，掌握着理解地球起源的关键， 从地质时代到现在的构造演化，以及板块动力学、地震、火山活动和地磁场的内在原因。在几公里以下（钻探和侵蚀暴露的极限）无法直接观察， 地壳、地幔和地核主要通过它们与地震波的相互作用来研究。地震学的最新发展 传感器设计、数字数据采集、传输和存储技术使得在分辨力方面有了显著的改进 地震成像方法的能力。 地震学联合研究机构（IRIS Consortium）是由85所美国大学组成的地震学研究和教学计划。它作为一个国家 用于开发、部署和支持现代 数字地震仪器，其使命分为三个主要的计划组成部分：（1）全球地震台网（GSN）计划为一个由128个永久性、标准化、甚宽带（VBB）、宽动态范围数字地震台站组成的国际网络提供美国的贡献，这些台站的间距为 绕地球仪大约2000公里。(2)阵列程序 大陆岩石圈地震研究（PASSCAL）旨在建立一个拥有600台便携式地震仪的美国国家资源 可用于特定区域地震成像实验现场部署和地震研究快速反应的系统。 (3)IRIS数据管理系统（DMS）旨在为国家和国际地震研究界提供及时访问GSN和PASSCAL计划数据的机会。它将来自这些方案的数据存档和分发，并促进数据的标准化和交换。 IRIS联盟迄今已完成了以下工作： 具体任务：（1）培育了水稻的IRIS-1和IRIS-2系， 标准化的永久站仪表，采用VBB传感器技术，用于GSN。两个综合注册资讯系统的运作及保养 GSN的设施安装在美国地质勘探局， 调查的阿尔伯克基地震实验室和加州大学圣地亚哥分校。目前，在全世界已安装了48个GSN VBB台站，并正在返回数据。(2)帕斯卡尔 该计划已开发了两个仪器中心来存储、维修和部署其标准化便携式地震仪器包。 PASSCAL仪器库现在有200多个单位的库存，这些单位分别位于纽约帕利塞兹的拉蒙特-多尔蒂地球观测站和加州的斯坦福大学的PASSCAL仪器中心。PASSCAL仪器已被用于大量计划中的现场实验，并被迅速用于亚美尼亚（1987年）、洛马普列塔（1989年）和兰德斯/大熊（1992年）大地震的余震研究。(3)DMS在阿尔伯克基地震实验室和大学建立了GSN数据收集节点 来自加州圣地亚哥IRIS中央数据档案， 配送中心现在安装在西雅图，华盛顿， 由华盛顿大学运营。通过互联网，美国用户（和欧洲用户通过ORFEUS数据中心） 荷兰）可以获得来自大多数现有GSN台站的连续数据流， 近实时，并从重要的地震，以及从PASSCAL现场实验的特殊数据集。 该奖项为美国地质调查局的阿尔伯克基地震实验室参与建立IRIS全球地震测量网络和1993财年提供资金 相关数据管理活动。 ***

9319923 Hutt The Earth's deep interior remains a major scientific frontier that holds the key to understanding the origin of the planet, its evolution through geologic time to the present structure, and the internal causes of plate dynamics, earthquakes, volcanism, and the geomagnetic field. Inaccessible to direct observation below a few kilometers (the limit of drilling and exposure by erosion) the Earth's crust, mantle, and core are primarily studied through their interaction with seismic waves. Recent developments in seismic sensor design, digital data acquisition, transmission, and storage techniques make possible dramatic improvements in the resolving power of seismic imaging methods. The Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, or the IRIS Consortium, is composed of 85 U.S. universities with research and teaching programs in seismology. It serves as a national facility for the development, deployment, and support of modern digital seismic instrumentation, and its mission is organized into three major program elements: (1) The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) program provides the U.S. contribution to an international network of 128 permanent, standardized, very-broad-band (VBB), wide dynamic range digital seismic stations at a spacing of approximately 2000 km around the globe. (2) The Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL) aims to establish a U.S. national resource of 600 portable seismometer systems available for field deployment in specific regional seismic imaging experiments and for rapid response to earthquake studies. (3) The IRIS Data Management System (DMS) aims to provide the national and international seismic research community with timely access to data from the GSN and PASSCAL programs. It archives and distributes the data from these programs and facilitates the standardization and exchange of data. The IRIS Consortium so far has accomplished the following speci fic tasks: (1) It developed the IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 lines of standardized permanent station instrumentation employing VBB sensor technology for the GSN. Two IRIS operations and maintenance facilities for the GSN were installed at the U.S. Geological Survey's Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory and at the University of California, San Diego. Currently, 48 GSN VBB stations have been installed world- wide and are returning data. (2) The PASSCAL program has developed two instrument centers to store, repair, and deploy its standardized portable seismographic instrument packages. The PASSCAL instrument pool now has an inventory of over 200 units housed at PASSCAL instrument centers located at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, New York and at Stanford University, California. PASSCAL instruments have been used in a large number of planned field experiments, and were also rapidly deployed for aftershock studies of the Armenia (1987), Loma Prieta (1989), and Landers/Big Bear (1992) major earthquakes. (3) The DMS has established GSN data collection nodes at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory and at the University of California, San Diego. An IRIS central data archive and distribution center is now installed in Seattle, Washington, operated by the University of Washington. Through Internet, U.S. users (and European users via the ORFEUS data center in the Netherlands) have access to the continuous data streams from most of the existing GSN stations, to major-event waveform data in near-real time, and to special datasets from important earthquakes, as well as from PASSCAL field experiments. This award provides FY-1993 funding for the participation of the U.S. Geological Survey's Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory in establishing the IRIS Global Seismographic Network and for related data management activities. ***