Pillared Layered Compounds: Their Synthesis, Structure and Properties

9407899克利尔菲尔德 金属氧化物柱撑层状材料（PLM）是一类相对较新的微孔固体酸。潜在的应用领域包括它们用作催化剂、吸附剂、离子交换剂、传感器和离子导体。 在NSF以前的资助中， 合成了含粘土的PLM 矿物、磷酸盐、氧化物、层状双氢氧化物（LDH）和单金属氢氧化物。除了更传统的氧化铝、氧化锆和氧化铬柱之外，还制备了新型柱。 这项工作的目的是将其他过渡元素引入到氧化镍或氧化钴柱中。 长期的目标是获得一个基本的理解的合成和合成后的程序控制的孔径和其他结构特征，控制酸度或碱度的层状材料和支柱的选择和随后的支柱治疗和开发新的酸，双功能和氧化还原催化剂的基础上，这些信息。为了获得新材料所需的结构数据，将使用新的X射线方法和程序，包括电子衍射，晶格成像，原子力显微镜和新的质谱法。 %固体酸催化剂是炼油和石油化学主要工艺的支柱。在重新配制汽油和石油产品以满足环境标准和未来车辆的要求时，将需要用于催化特定反应的新型固体酸。氧化还原催化剂在许多大规模工业过程中也起着至关重要的作用，未来，这两种催化剂类型将在精细化学品的制备中发挥更大的作用。 柱撑层状材料代表了一类潜在的新型催化剂， 广度 和多样性。 然而，在这方面， 之前 它们的应用成为现实，必须制定一个完整的 了解它们的结构，开发以受控方式改变结构的策略，并将催化行为与结构和组成联系起来。这些问题在本提案中得到了解决。

9407899 Clearfield Metal oxide pillared layered materials (PLM) are a relatively new class of microporous solid acids. Potential areas of application include their use as catalysts, sorbents, ion exchangers, sensors and ionic conductors. In a previous grant from NSF, a wide variety of PLM were synthesized including clay minerals, phosphates, oxides, layered double hydroxides (LDH) and single metal hydroxides. Novel pillars were prepared in addition to more traditional alumina, zirconia and chromia pillars. The aim of this work is to incorporate other transition elements into the nickel oxide or cobalt oxide pillars. The long range objectives are to obtain a fundamental understanding of the synthetic and post-synthesis procedures for control of pore size and other structural features, control of acidity or basicity by choice of layered material and pillars and subsequent pillar treatments and to develop novel acid, bifunctional and redox catalysts based upon this information. To acquire the needed structural data for the new materials, novel x-ray methods and procedures involving electron diffraction, lattice imaging, atomic force microscopy and novel mass spectrometry methods will be used. %%% Solid-acid catalysts are the backbone of the major processes of refining and petrochemistry. In the reformulation of gasoline and petroleum products to meet environmental standards and the requirements of future vehicles, new solid acids directed towards catalyzing specific reactions will be in demand. Redox catalysts also play a crucial role in many large scale industrial processes and in the future, both catalyst types will be expected to play a greater role in the preparation of fine chemicals. Pillared layered materials represent a potential new class of catalysts of astonishing breadth and variety. However, before their application becomes a reality, it is essential to develop a complete understanding of their structures, develop strategies for altering the structures in controlled ways, and relate catalytic behavior to structure and composition. These problems are addressed in this proposal.