Collaborative Research on Spatial Decision Making Using Geographic Information Technology and Multi-Criteria Decision Models

当不同的人或团体在决定设施或资源的位置时，对各种因素给予不同的权重时，就会产生位置冲突。用于地理信息系统（gis）的空间决策支持系统（sdss）的发展为解决空间问题和制定位置决策提供了新的方法。然而，由于缺乏对其使用的概念性和经验性批评，对此类系统的好处和局限性的认识受到限制。这个合作研究项目将提供对群体使用SDSS的见解，以了解这种群体系统如何以及为什么会影响决策过程和结果。将特别注意分析若干专题地图类型和多标准决策模型如何影响小团体相互作用的动态，并受小团体相互作用的影响。在实验室实验中，来自环境相关专业的研究生将在有毒废物清理项目之后选择栖息地恢复和发展的地点，每个小组有五名参与者。参与者将在由商业和公共领域软件组合而成的基于组的软件环境中工作。交互编码技术将用于从交互过程的转录本中编译数据，以确定SDSS方法如何影响群体决策。该项目将通过增加关于多阶段群体决策过程的实质性知识，为协作决策的动态和信息技术的使用提供有价值的新见解。它将应用和完善一个交互编码方案，以开发一个知识库，供其他基于技术的协作空间决策研究使用，并将更全面地了解信息技术的集成需求，包括gis、多标准决策模型和群体sdss。由于需要集体决策的位置问题的普遍特征，沿着这些路线发展的潜在应用是巨大的。

9411008 JANKOWSKI Locational conflicts arise when different people or groups give different weights to various factors when deciding where to locate facilities or resources. The development of spatial decision-support systems (SDSSs) for use within geographic information systems (GISs) has offered new approaches for solving spatial problems and making locational decisions. Knowledge of the benefits and limitations of such systems is limited by a paucity of conceptual and empirical critiques of their use, however. This collaborative research project will provide insights into the use of a SDSS for groups in order to understand how and why such a group system affects decision-making processes and outcomes. Special attention will be given to analysis of that ways that several thematic map types and multi-criteria decision models influence the dynamics of, and are influenced by, small-group interactions for site-location decisions. In laboratory experiments of small groups with five participants within each group, graduate students from environmentally related programs will select sites for habitat restoration and development in the wake of toxic-waste cleanup projects. Participants will function in a group-based software environment created from a combination of commercial and public-domain software. Interaction-coding techniques will be used to compile data from transcripts of the interaction process in order to ascertain how SDSS approaches affect group decision making. This project will contribute valuable new insights into the dynamics of collaborative decision making and the use of information technology by adding substantive knowledge about multi-phase group decision-making processes. It will apply and refine an interaction-coding scheme to develop a knowledge base that other technology-based studies of collaborative spatial decision making can use, and it will develop a more complete understanding of the integration needs for information tech nology that involves GISs, multi-criteria decision models, and SDSSs for groups. Because of the pervasive character of locational issues requiring collective decision making, the potential applications for advances along these lines is enormous.