Fractional Statics and Topological Defects in Quantum Field Systems

自1911年以来，人们已经知道某些材料，如汞，在某个低临界温度下失去所有电阻。 零电阻的状态在低于临界温度时持续存在。 这种性质被称为超导性。 直到1986年，观测到的最高临界温度是-418 ° F。 那一年，人们发现了一类新的超导材料。 对他们来说，超导状态出现在-244华氏度左右的临界温度. 这一发现具有重大的技术意义。 如果科学家获得足够高的超导温度，超导体可以用于许多节能应用。 然而，在1957年解释低温超导现象的理论模型，即巴氏库珀-施里弗（BCS）理论，无法对现代高温超导体的行为给出令人满意的解释。 如果不彻底了解产生这种令人印象深刻的现象的物理机制，其实际实施将非常有限。 已经证明，由分数统计的粒子（称为任意子）形成的零温度系统是超导体。 这一性质鼓励了任意子可以用来模拟高温超导性的想法。 然而，目前还不清楚任意子系统是否在有限温度下超导。 这个建议旨在解决这个问题，通过研究有限温度和密度下任意子模型中拓扑缺陷的影响。 ***

9414509 Incera Since 1911, it has been known that certain materials, like, for instance, mercury, lose all their resistance at some low critical temperature. The state with zero resistance persists at temperatures below the critical one. This property is called superconductivity. Until 1986, the highest critical temperature ever observed was of the order of -418 F. In that year a new class of superconducting materials were discovered. For them the superconducting state appears at critical temperatures around - 244 F. This discovery has great technological implications. If scientists obtain a enough high superconducting temperature, the superconductors could be used for many energy saving applications. However, the theoretical model known as the Bardeen Cooper Schrieffer (BCS) theory, which in 1957 explained the phenomenon of supersonductivity at low temperatures, is unable to give a satisfactory explanation for the behavior of the modern high- temperature superconductors. Without a thorough understanding of the physical mechanism that produces this impressive phenomenon, its practical implementation will be very limited. It has been shown that a zero temperature a system formed by particles with fractional statistics, known as anyons, is superconductor. This property has encouraged the idea that the anyons could serve to modeling the high-Temperature superconductivity. However, it is still unclear if an anyon system superconducts at finite temperature. This proposal intends to address this problem by investigating the effects of topological defects in models of anyons at finite temperature and density. ***