Stratospheric Infrared Measurements

[9415388 .]默里红外遥感仪器提供了丰富的大气信息。因为氮和氧在红外波段几乎是完全透明的，所以辐射传输主要是由微量气体和微量气体组成的。这些气体中有许多具有化学活性，红外技术提供了测量其浓度的方法。大气中化学平衡的变化也会影响地球的辐射收支。由于地球的大部分冷却发生在中红外波段，因此需要精确的测量来检测变化并验证模型计算。该项目将继续使用气球和地面仪器对平流层和对流层上层进行红外测量。非常高分辨率的太阳吸收光谱仪将从美国每年飞行一次。为了获得太阳吸收光谱，该仪器已经飞行了几次。气球上升时的光谱显示了大气透射随高度的变化。一旦气球到达漂浮高度（大约为1英尺）。40公里)，随着太阳落山而改变几何形状，在高海拔地区提供了非常长的光学吸收路径。这些数据允许同时测量几种物种的化学浓度作为海拔的函数，为计算大气辐射转移的模型提供检验，并验证模型所需的分子参数数据库。来自一个非常高分辨率的地面太阳光谱仪（由美国能源部操作）的数据将用于恢复平流层和对流层上层化学物质浓度的信息。美国能源部正在为研究云和辐射积累长期数据集，其中将包含平流层和对流层上层化学化合物的长期记录。

9415388 Murcray Infrared remote sensing instruments have provided a wealth of information about the atmosphere. Because nitrogen and oxygen are almost completely transparent in the infrared, radiative transfer is dominated by minor and trace gases. Many of these gases are chemically active, and infrared techniques provide methods of measuring their concentrations. Changes in the chemical balance in the atmosphere also affect the Earth's radiative budget. Since most of the planet's cooling takes place in the mid infrared, accurate measurements are needed both to detect changes, and to verify model calculations. This project will continue infrared measurements of the stratosphere and upper troposphere using balloon and ground-based instruments. The very high resolution solar absorption spectrometer will make one flight per year from the US. This instrument has been flown several times previously to obtain solar absorption spectra. The spectra taken as the balloon ascends show the change in atmospheric transmission with altitude. Once the balloon is at float altitude (approx. 40 km), changing geometry as the sun sets provides very long optical absorption paths entirely at high altitudes. These data allow chemical concentrations of several species to be measured simultaneously as a function of altitude, provide tests for models which calculate atmospheric radiative transfer, and verify the molecular parameters database necessary for the models. Data from a very high resolution ground based solar spectrometer (operated by the DOE) will be used to recover information on chemical concentrations in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. DOE is accumulating a long term data set for the study of clouds and radiation, which will contain a long record of stratospheric and upper tropospheric chemical compounds.