Dissertation Research: Interactions of Plant Forms in Water and Energy Balance of Arctic Tundra

9508333查平授予加州大学伯克利分校的博士论文奖将支持一个项目，该项目旨在确定不同植物生长形式整合的机制，以控制阿拉斯加北坡北极冻土带生态系统层面的水和能量平衡。这项研究很重要，因为它将解释如何将植物生长形态的特性放大到生态系统水平的水分和能量通量。这项研究将与一项更大的全球气候变化研究一起进行，该研究正在研究冻土带温室气体的区域流动。该项目提供了一个独特的机会，在区域温室气体输出/吸收的背景下，确定植物生长习惯对气候敏感的北极冻土带能量平衡的作用。这项研究为生态系统对气候引起的温室气体变化的反应提供了新的信息。*伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的9422292名加瓦基维茨研究人员将进行研究，以增加计算机模型模拟密集高盐度水形成的复杂性，这些水离开北极大陆架，流向北冰洋深处。这些流动能够将营养物质和沉积物从大陆架带到更深的海洋，并可能在大气和深海之间的热量转移中发挥重要作用。跨陆架流动形成过程中的波动可能会影响大西洋产生的北冰洋温暖深水的热量传递。来自温暖深流的热量控制着气候敏感的北冰洋海冰的形成。改进后的计算机模型将首次考虑海岸流、地形复杂性和大陆斜坡的水团分层的影响，以便模型可以开始接近真实世界的情况。改进后的模型对于理解北极海洋-大气-冰系统如何影响全球气候并受到其影响是必要的。*？？

9508333 Chapin A Doctoral Dissertation Award to the University of California Berkeley will support a project to determine the mechanisms by which different plant growth forms integrate to control water and energy balance at the ecosystem level in Arctic tundra on the Alaskan North Slope. This study is important because it will provide an explanation of how plant growth form properties can be scaled up to ecosystem level water and energy fluxes. The study will take place in conjunction with a larger Global Climate Change study that is examining the regional flux of greenhouse gases from the tundra. This project provides a unique opportunity to determine the role of plant growth habit on energy balances in the climatically sensitive Arctic tundra within the context of the regional output/uptake of greenhouse gases. The study amy provide new information on ecosystem response to climatically-induced changes of greenhouse gases. *** 9422292 Gawarkiewicz Investigators at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will undertake research to increase the complexity of computer model simulations of the formation of dense high-salinity water that leaves the Arctic continental shelf and flows to the deep Arctic Ocean. The flows are capable of carring nutrients and sediments from the continental shelf to the deeper ocean and may play a major role in the transfer of heat between the atmosphere and deep ocean. Fluctations in the formation of the cross-shelf flow could affect the transfer of heat from warm deep water in the Arctic Ocean that is produced in the Atlantic Ocean. Heat from that warm deep flow controls the formation of sea ice in the climatically sensitive Arctic Ocean. The improved computer models will for the first time take into account the effects of coastal currents, topographic complexities, and water-mass stratification of the continental slopes so that the models may begin to approach real world conditions. The improved models are necessary to understand how the Arctic ocean-atmosphere-ice system operates to affect, and be affected by, global climates. *** ??