Fundamentals of Microwave-Induced Reactions Involving Non-Ionic Species

微波处理相对于常规加热的全球优势包括直接和体积加热、高选择性、快速加热速率和高可控性。 本工作的目的是研究微波和非离子化学物种之间的基本相互作用。 该研究将：（1）通过对选定的非离子反应进行比较研究，确定微波诱导反应过程中的非热效应;（2）探索精确的温度测量技术，确定微波加热过程中的分子温度;（3）量化分子水平上的电场和温度分布;（4）研究微波反应器配置和控制对反应的影响。 为了验证或证伪非热效应在微波加热的非离子物种，环氧-胺聚合和环氧-胺模型化合物的有机反应的研究计划使用不同的偶极矩的胺。 将使用各种偶极矩的系统，因为微波效应主要发生在非离子反应的偶极位置。 用于聚合的环氧化物是双酚A的二缩水甘油醚（DGEBA）。 用于模型化合物反应的环氧化物是双酚A的烯丙基缩水甘油醚（AGEBA）和苯基缩水甘油醚（PGE）。 待使用的胺将是Meta苯二胺（mPDA）、二氨基二苯基甲烷（DDM）和二氨基二苯基砜（DDS）。 平行的等温反应实验将使用微波和常规的热加热进行。 微波热机械分析将被调查，以测量偶极基团的链段迁移率。 在分子水平上的电场和温度分布将被建模。预测温度将与测量温度进行比较。

The global advantages of microwave processing over conventional heating include direct and volumetric heating, high selectivity, fast heating rate, and high controllability. The objective of this work is to study the fundamental interactions between microwaves and non-ionic chemical species. The research will: (1) determine the non-thermal effects during microwave-induced reaction by a comparative study of selected non-ionic reactions; (2) explore accurate temperature measurement techniques and determine the molecular temperature during microwave heating; (3) quantify the electric field and temperature distributions at the molecular level; and (4) study the effects of microwave reactor configuration and control on the reaction. To verify or disprove the non-thermal effects during microwave heating of non-ionic species, studies of both epoxy-amine polymerization and epoxy-amine model-compound organic reactions are planned using amines of different dipole moments. Systems of various dipole moments will be used because microwave effects occur primarily at the dipolar s ites for non-ionic reactions. The epoxide to be used for polymerization is diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The epoxides to be used for model-compound reactions are allyl glycidyl ether of bisphenol A (AGEBA) and phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE). The amines to be used will be meta phenylene diamine (mPDA), diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), and diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS). Parallel isothermal reaction experiments will be carried out using microwave and conventional thermal heating. Microwave thermal mechanical analysis will be investigated to measure the segmental mobility of the dipolar groups. The electric field and temperature distributions at the molecular level will be modelled. The predicted temperatures will be compared to the measured temperatures.