An Examination of the Dynamic Stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet by Numerical Modeling

小行星9561604 这个小企业创新研究第一阶段项目涉及两种商业上重要的高附加值碳水化合物中间体的直接电合成。待研究的第一种转化是糖酸的氧化脱羧，如通过D-葡糖酸（或其盐）转化为D-阿拉伯糖所例示的。第二种转化是将1，2-二醇裂解成二羰基化合物，如通过将甘露醇二丙酮化合物转化成2，3-异亚丙基-D-甘油醛所例示的;该反应通常使用高碘酸钠来完成，但从成本和环境的角度来看，直接合成将是优选的。D-阿拉伯糖和异亚丙基甘油醛本身都是重要和有用的中间体，但为了证明所研究过程的一般性，每个过程将扩展到另一种底物。 对于每一个指定的过程，将在第一阶段评估一些阳极材料;此外，将检查溶剂和pH值的影响。还将对选定的工艺进行一些小规模的优化研究。在第一阶段工作成功完成后，第二阶段研究将包括进一步优化和评估流动池中的工艺，以及扩展到其他基质。 用于合成戊醛糖和裂解1，2-二醇的清洁、有效方法的可用性将允许成本有效地制造广泛的有价值的化学中间体。这将为美国化学和制药行业带来好处。

9561604 Kendall This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project is involved with the direct electrosynthesis of two types of commercially important, high value-added carbohydrate intermediates. The first transformation to be studied is the oxidative decarboxylation of a sugar acid, as exemplified by conversion of D-gluconic acid (or salts thereof) to D-arabinose. The second transformation is the cleavage of a 1,2-diol to a dicarbonyl compound, as exemplified by the conversion of mannitol diacetonide to 2,3-isopropylidene-D-glyceraldehyde; this reaction is customarily accomplished using sodium periodate, but a direct synthesis would be preferable from both cost and environmental standpoints. Both D-arabinose and isopropylidene glyceraldehyde are important and useful intermediates in their own right, but in order to demonstrate the generality of the processes studied, each process will be extended to another substrate. For each of the specified processes, a number of anode materials will be evaluated in Phase I; in addition, the effects of solvent and pH will be examined. Some small-scale optimization studies will also be carried out on a selected process. Upon successful completion of the Phase I work, Phase II studies would include further optimization and evaluation of the processes in flow cells, as well as extension to other substrates. The availability of clean, efficient methods for the synthesis of aldopentoses and for the cleavage of 1,2-diols will allow for the cost-effective manufacture of a wide range of valuable chemical intermediates. This will provide benefits to the US chemical and pharmaceutical industries.