IAI Workshop: Comparative Studies of Small Pelagic Fish and Climate Change (SPACC) in the Americas

9530213 Rothschild这是一项举办研讨会的建议，旨在建立一个联合体，以实施小型中上层鱼类与气候变化（SPACC）科学活动。 讲习班将通过以下方式确定联合体的职能：就全球海洋生态系统动力学/SPACC核心方案达成共识，为此编制全球海洋生态系统动力学/ SPACC战略计划，并确定实现美洲全球变化研究所与全球海洋生态系统动力学/SPACC相关的使命所需的具体行动项目，通过制定一项战略，使对全球生物多样性公约/SPACC研究的支持达到新的水平，并确定拟议的联合体将如何为这些目标做出贡献。 美洲海洋浮游生物种群协调委员会的目标是确定控制小型中上层鱼类种群增长的各种自然力量之间的联系，并通过比较研究来实现这一目标。 长期目标是预测与温室气体升高和海气引擎变化有关的这些力量的模式和强度的变化如何改变小型中上层鱼类种群的生产力。 小型中上层鱼类丰度的重大变化可能伴随着生态系统结构的显著变化。对浮游动物数据的研究表明，1972年秘鲁鱼类的大崩溃可能与浮游动物种群的长期下降有关，而不是与厄尔尼诺现象和捕鱼有关。 同样，北海鲱鱼种群的下降似乎与浮游植物和浮游动物两个标准差的下降有关。 总之，目前的证据表明，小型中上层鱼类生产力的长期趋势是气候驱动的，并可能通过浮游动物介导。 目前尚不清楚这些过程是如何联系在一起的，也不知道如何预测海洋气候长期变化的影响。 IAI SPACC可以通过第二阶段的建议，在协调美洲关于这些主题的经常分开的研究方面做很多工作，该阶段的建议将解决造成小型中上层鱼类在10-100年的时间尺度上大规模波动的机制问题。 虽然在相当长的时间尺度上集中于鱼类（沙丁鱼，沙丁鱼），但造成这些波动的机制在鱼类生活的整个生态系统中起作用，并且被认为相当迅速。 这是一项举办研讨会的建议，旨在建立一个联合体，以实施小型中上层鱼类与气候变化（SPACC）科学活动。 讲习班将通过以下方式确定联合体的职能：就全球海洋生态系统动力学（GLOBEC）SPACC核心计划达成共识，为此制定GLOBEC/ SPACC战略计划，确定实现与GLOBEC/SPACC相关的IAI使命所需的具体行动项目，制定战略以实现对GLOBEC/SPACC研究的新支持水平，并确定拟议的联合体将如何为实现这些目标作出贡献。 美洲海洋浮游生物种群协调委员会的目标是确定控制小型中上层鱼类种群增长的各种自然力量之间的联系，并通过比较研究来实现这一目标。 长期目标是预测与温室气体升高和海气引擎变化有关的这些力量的模式和强度的变化如何改变小型中上层鱼类种群的生产力。 全球海洋生态系统/空间规划和协调委员会有一个侧重于欧洲和非洲小型中上层种群的非洲-欧洲组成部分，以及拟议的美洲组成部分。 1995年后期举行了一次欧非SPACC执行规划会议。 该讲习班是为美洲空间环境协调中心举行的一次类似会议举办的。 美洲和非洲-欧洲SPACC作为国际GLOBEC的成员，有着共同的主题：确定物理力和生物过程之间的联系;强调建模以解释多学科观测;以及注重浮游动物作为物理学和鱼类生产力之间的关键联系。 成立一个美洲全球生物多样性和生物多样性方案/空间应用协调中心联合会将对协调美洲的活动作出重大贡献。讲习班第一阶段的目标是完成前两次SPACC会议期间开始的测量和建模系统的设计，并协调美洲SPACC研究人员的活动。 办法是制定一个所有国家都可以执行的衡量战略和模式的等级。 美洲和非洲-欧洲SPACC的独特贡献是，它们将利用以小型中上层鱼类为主的生态系统的比较来推断鱼类、浮游动物和海洋物理之间的因果关系，从而解决美洲全球变化研究所科学议程主题“海洋、沿海和河口过程的比较研究”。“下列国家参加了这项提议：阿根廷、巴西、智利、墨西哥、秘鲁和美国。 这些国家都是国际气候变化研究所的成员国，该研究所是美国的一项倡议，旨在促进美洲科学机构就全球变化问题开展合作研究。 美国国家科学基金会是美国政府指定在IAI内履行美国职责的机构。 ***

9530213 Rothschild This is a proposal to hold a workshop to develop a consortium for implementing the Small Pelagic Fish and Climate Change (SPACC) scientific activities. The workshop will identify the functions of the consortium by: developing a consensus on the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) SPACC core program, by preparing a strategic plan for GLOBEC/ SPACC and identifying specific action items that are required to achieve the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) mission relevant to GLOBEC/SPACC, by developing a strategy for achieving new levels of support for GLOBEC/SPACC research, and by determining how the proposed consortium would contribute to these goals. The objective of the Inter-American SPACC is to identify linkages between the physical forces that control population growth of small pelagic fish populations and to achieve this through comparative studies. The long range goal is to forecast how changes in pattern and intensity of these forces, related to elevated greenhouse gases and changes in the air-sea engine, alter the productivity of small pelagic fish populations. Major changes in small pelagic fish abundance may be accompanied by marked changes in ecosystems structure. Examination of zooplankton data indicate that the great collapse of the Peruvian anchovy in 1972 may have been more strongly related to a long term decline in zooplankton stocks than to El Ni o and fishing. Similarly, the decline in North Sea herring stock appear to be linked with declines of two standard deviations in phytoplankton and zooplankton. In sum, present evidence indicated that long term trends in productivity of small pelagic fish are climate driven and may be mediated through zooplankton. What is not known is how these processes are linked nor how to predict the effect of long term changes in ocean climate. An IAI SPACC could do much to coordinate the often separated research on these topics in the Americas through a Phase II proposal which will address mech anisms responsible for large-scale fluctuations in small pelagic fish over time scales of 10-100 years. Although focused on the fish (sardines, anchovies) over fairly long time scales, the mechanisms responsible for these fluctuations act throughout the ecosystems within which the fish live and are thought to act fairly rapidly. %%% This is a proposal to hold a workshop to develop a consortium for implementing the Small Pelagic Fish and Climate Change (SPACC) scientific activities. The workshop will identify the functions of the consortium by: developing a consensus on the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) SPACC core program, by preparing a strategic plan for GLOBEC/ SPACC, by identifying specific action items that are required to achieve the IAI mission relevant to GLOBEC/SPACC, by developing a strategy for achieving new levels of support for GLOBEC/SPACC research, and by determining how the proposed consortium would contribute to these goals. The objective of the Inter-American SPACC is to identify linkages between the physical forces that control population growth of small pelagic fish populations and to achieve this through comparative studies. The long range goal is to forecast how changes in pattern and intensity of these forces, related to elevated greenhouse gases and changes in the air-sea engine, alter the productivity of small pelagic fish populations. GLOBEC/SPACC has an Afro-European component that focuses on small pelagic populations of Europe and Africa and this proposed Inter-American component. An implementation planning meeting for Euro-African SPACC was held in late 1995. This workshop is for a similar meeting for the Inter-American SPACC. Inter-American and Afro-European SPACC, as members of international GLOBEC, share common themes: identifying linkages between physical forces and biological processes; an emphasis on modeling to interpret multi-disciplinary observations; and a focus on zooplankton as a key link between physics and fish productivity. The fo rmation of an Inter-American GLOBEC/SPACC consortium would be a significant contribution in coordinating activities in the Americas. The goal of the workshop in Phase I is to finish the design of the measurement and modeling systems which were begun during two previous SPACC meetings and coordinate the activities of SPACC researchers in the Americas. The approach is to develop a hierarchy of measurement strategies and models that could be implemented by all countries. The unique contribution of Inter-American and Afro-European SPACC is that they will use comparisons of ecosystems dominated by small pelagic fish to infer cause and effect linkages between fish, zooplankton and ocean physics, and thus addresses the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) Science Agenda theme of "Comparative Studies of Oceanic, Coastal and Estuarine Processes." The following countries are participating in this proposal: Argentina; Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru, and the United States. These countries are Members States of the IAI, a U.S. initiative to stimulate cooperative research on global change issues among the scientific institutions of the Americas. The U.S. National Science Foundation is the U.S. Government agency designated to carry out U.S. responsibilities within the IAI. ***