Microeconomic and Institutional Influences on the EmploymentRelation in Contemporary Russia

这是一个关于俄罗斯管理者和工人的制度和微观经济过程的研究。 近5年来，俄政府的改革和私有化计划使俄经济发生了重大变化。 这些最近的转变和俄罗斯经济的日益多样化提供了一个独特的丰富的机会，以测试组织和微观经济交换社会学的一般理论。 由于俄罗斯经济已经分裂为多种所有制部门，可以预期，制度和微观经济过程的相对影响在不同部门之间会有很大差异。 在政府影响力最大的国有部门，制度过程被认为是最强的，而且由于这些组织的年龄较大，可以预期各个组织的“结构惰性”最大。 相比之下，在私营部门，体制进程可能较弱，就业关系的微观经济决定因素应具有更大的自由度。 本研究将调查这些过程的采访管理人员和工人的组织从三个主要部门的当代俄罗斯经济：国有部门，其中在1994年仍然雇用46.7%的俄罗斯劳动力，私营部门，其中在1994年雇用31.8%的劳动力，私营部门，其中在1994年雇用46.7%的俄罗斯劳动力。俄罗斯新的“混合”所有制部门，1994年占俄罗斯工人的20.2%。 将从三个城市（国家首都莫斯科、地区或“州”首府和一个小城市）的五个行业（制造业、建筑业、零售业、个人服务业、科学和科学服务业）中各选出一个组织。 这项研究将测试和发展组织社会学的理论，并将深入了解俄罗斯目前正在发生的巨大变化。 因此，它将为希望了解前国家社会主义社会的转变和区别于二十世纪末的全球社会经济演变的学者和决策者提供所需的知识基础。

This is a study of institutional and microeconomic processes concerning managers and workers in Russia. The Russian government's programs of reform and privatization have brought about major changes in the Russian economy in the past five years. These recent transformations and the growing diversity of the Russian economy provide a uniquely rich opportunity to test general theories in the sociology of organizations and microeconomic exchange. Now that the Russian economy has split into a multiplicity of ownership sectors, the relative influence of institutional and microeconomic processes can be expected to differ considerably from sector to sector. Institutional processes are hypothesized to be strongest in the state-owned sector, where the influence of the government is strongest, and where the "structural inertia" of individual organizations can be expected to be greatest because of these organizations' greater age. In the private sector, in contrast, institutional processes are likely to be weaker, and microeconomic determinants of employment relations should have freer reign. This study will investigate these processes by interviewing managers and workers in organizations drawn from the three major sectors of the contemporary Russian economy: the state-owned sector, which in 1994 still employed 46.7% of the Russian labor force; the private sector, which in 1994 employed 31.8% of the labor force; and Russia's new "mixed" ownership sector, which in 1994 accounted for 20.2% of Russian workers. One organization from each of these sectors will be selected from each of five industries (manufacturing, construction, retail trade, personal services, and science and scientific services) in each of three cities (Moscow, the national capital; a regional or "oblast" capital; and a small city). This research will test and develop theories in the sociology of organizations, and it will gain insight into the dramatic changes currently in progress in Russia. Thus it will cont ribute to the knowledge base required by both scholars and policy makers who wish to understand the transformation of formerly state-socialist societies and the global socio-economic evolution that distinguishes the end of the twentieth century.