Ethnonationalism and Democratization in the Russian Federation

在后共产主义过渡时期的所有挑战中，没有一个比种族民族主义的复苏更难处理。 南斯拉夫、捷克斯洛伐克和苏联的解体说明了开放政治竞技场的风险。 种族冲突的增加突出表明，主权主张很容易跨越群体和地区，从中央政府蔓延到地区和地方政府。 即使像苏联那样，国家的解体并不涉及什么暴力，冲突也会引发严重的问题，即多民族的继承国是否能在后共产主义过渡时期完好无损地生存下来。 在俄罗斯，许多曾导致苏联解体的问题如今也在挑战着联邦政府。 自由主义改革者已经将民族主义视为民主化的一个主要威胁--它与自由民主所要求的宽容精神和对个人权利的关注背道而驰。 然而，在非俄罗斯领土上的民族动员的程度和性质还很不清楚，其与支持民主化的联系更不清楚。 这个项目审查俄罗斯联邦三个地区的民族主义和对民主化的支持的性质和程度：北方奥塞梯、鞑靼斯坦和萨哈。 将进行大规模调查，并将背景数据附于所有个人层面的答复。 该项目将产生一个包含3 000次个人访谈的数据集，在研究项目完成时存档。

Of all the challenges in post-communist transitions, none has been more difficult to manage than the resurgence of ethnonationalism. The unraveling of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the USSR speaks of the risks of opening the political arena. The rise of ethnic conflicts underscores how easily claims for sovereignty can spread across groups and regions, and from central to regional and local governments. Even when the breakup of the state has involved relatively little violence, as in the USSR, the conflicts raise serious questions about whether multiethnic successor states can survive the post-communist transition intact. In Russia, many of the same problems that dissolved the Soviet Union now challenge the federal government. Liberal reformers have come to see ethnonationalism as a major threat to democratization -- inimical to the spirit of tolerance and the concern for individual rights that liberal democracy requires. Yet the level and character of ethnonational mobilization in non-Russian territories is far from clear and its connection to support for democratization even less so. This project examines the nature and level of ethnonationalism and support for democratization in three regions of the Russian Federation: Northern Ossetia, Tatarstan and Sakha. Mass surveys will be conducted and contextual data will be attached to all individual level responses. The project will produce a dataset of 3,000 individual interviews to be archived at the completion of the research project.