Development of the Second Generation "Smart" Balloon Capability

9610009布辛格这个项目是北大西洋区域气溶胶特性实验的一部分，该实验将于1997年6月和7月在亚热带东北大西洋上空进行，作为一项国际合作努力。ACE-2的主要目标是利用飞机、船载和地面测量来研究与辐射强迫和气候有关的大气气溶胶的特性。在之前由该PI领导的NSF支持的项目中，开发和测试了智能四管，其高度可以通过使用加压恒容四管内的可膨胀气球实现可变压载来控制。1995年，在ACE-1实验的现场阶段，成功地部署了智能四管管，以跟踪空气包裹。智能气球轨迹信息通过机载GPS接收器和压力、温度、湿度和降雨量传感器提供，这些传感器收集额外的数据，并与位置数据一起传输到研究飞机。开发这一能力的动机是在拉格朗日化学和边界层物理实验中使用仪表化智能四微子进行数据收集和跟踪，而不会有气球因着陆而丢失的威胁。在这个项目中，将开发和建设下一代智能气球。通过增加双向通信，应答器将得到增强。这将允许在试验期间从飞机上调整操作参数和高度控制策略，并通过无线电提供更有效的数据传输。为了克服降水载荷的影响，并扩大气球的总体压力范围，超压智能气球将由一种新的织物制成，其动态升程比原来的织物大十倍。新气球还将具有球形形状，以提供更好的表面积与体积比。仪器组件、泵和应答器设计将与新气球集成在一起，并在现场试验中部署之前进行测试。

9610009 Businger This project is part of the North Atlantic Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) which will be conducted in June and July, 1997 over the subtropical Northeastern Atlantic Ocean as an international collaborative effort. The main objectives of ACE-2 are to study the properties of atmospheric aerosols relevant to radiative forcing and climate using aircraft, ship-board, and ground-based measurements. In a prior NSF-supported project led by this PI, smart tetroons were developed and tested whose altitude could be controlled through variable ballasting achieved using an expandable balloon inside a pressurized constant volume tetroon. Smart tetroons were deployed successfully during the field phase of the ACE-1 experiment in 1995 to track air parcels. Smart balloon track information is provided through an onboard GPS receiver and pressure, temperature, humidity and rainfall sensors which collect additional data that are transmitted along with the position data to a research aircraft. The motivation for the development of this capability was to use the instrumented smart tetroons for data collection and tracking in Lagrangian chemistry and boundary layer physics experiments without the threat of balloon loss through groundings. In this project, the next generation smart balloon will be developed and constructed. The transponder will be enhanced with the addition of two-way communications. This will allow the operating parameters and the altitude control strategy to be adjusted from the aircraft during an experiment, and provide for more efficient data transmission via radio. To overcome the effects of precipitation loading and to extend the pressure range of the balloon in general, the superpressure smart balloon will be constructed from a new fabric which affords a tenfold larger dynamic lift range than the original fabric. The new balloon will also have a spherical shape which provides improved surface area to volume ratio. The instrument package, pumps, and transponder design will be integrated with the new balloon and undergo tests prior to deployment in field experiments.