Geophysics of cratering experiments: The laboratory perspective

将在实验室范围内使用可与地球物理勘探方法相媲美的无损检测方法对实验撞击结构进行调查。使用超声波或电磁波的技术可以帮助确定陨石坑结构下的损伤区并确定其程度。这些技术还有可能(与模式分析一起)来表征岩石物理材料的性质或确定分层目标的层数。这些数据对于比较不同材料(靶材)参数对陨石坑、陨石坑下部结构或损伤区形成的影响非常重要。实验采集的数据将有助于进一步验证和约束弹坑形成的数值模拟结果，并确定建模的输入参数。建议八涉及使用地球物理勘探方法在地面陨石坑结构(德国施泰因海姆盆地和埃及卡米勒陨石坑)进行的现场实验。为了将实验室实验结果转移到这些大规模数据中，无损检测方法将发挥核心作用。例如，超声波测量的结果可以与从反射地震剖面获得的数据以及在Kamil使用雷达剖面的微波数据进行比较。实验室和现场实验之间的联系再次是将不同尺度的数据汇集在一起的数值模型。

Experimental impact structures will be investigated using Non-Destructive Testing methods on the laboratory scale that are comparable to geophysical prospection methods. Techniques using ultrasound or electromagnetic waves can help to characterize the damage zone underneath the crater structure and determine its extent. The techniques have also the potential (together with modal analysis) to characterize petro-physical material properties or to determine the layers of a stratified target. These data are important for comparing the influence of different material (target) parameters on the formation of craters, crater substructures or damage zones. The experimentally gathered data will help further on to both verify and constrain numerical modeling results of crater formation, and to determine input parameters for the modeling. Field experiments at terrestrial crater structures (the Steinheim Basin, Germany, and Kamil crater, Egypt) using geophysical prospection methods are addressed in Proposal VIII. To transfer the results of the laboratory experiments to these large scale data, the non-destructive testing methods will play a central role. The results e.g. of ultrasound measurements can be compared with data obtained from reflection seismic profiles and microwave data with RADAR profiles done at Kamil. The link between the laboratory and the field experiments are again the numerical models that bring data together from different scales.