Doctoral Dissertation Research: Phonetics and Phonology of Ju/'hoan

．9705334科伊桑语对语音学家和音位学家来说很有趣，因为它们有大量独特的声音。该项目的目标是详细描述和分析在纳米比亚科伊桑语Ju/'hoasi中发现的所有对比音，以及对该语言的理论分析，这将推动普遍语言学理论的发展。科伊桑语的独特发音是47个咔嗒辅音，以及许多不同类型的元音。元音的区别不仅在于它们在口腔中的发音位置，而且还在于所使用的语音质量。这种语言还使用四种不同的音高水平来传达意义对比，使措辞更加清晰，并保持口语的节奏。虽然世界上许多语言对音高的使用具有对比性，但在Ju/'hoasi和其他科伊桑语中，音高的使用略有不同。此外，一些辅音对音高有抑制作用，从而在讲话中引起身体上的扰动，这可能是认知内化的。研究人员将对这些影响进行调查，以确定这些影响中有多少是语音的，或基于认知的，有多少是语音的，或纯粹是由于声音的物理质量。要想对Ju/'hoasi语的发音模式进行完整的调查，需要前往纳米比亚，记录单个的发音、单词、短语和句子，它们的意义、表达方式以及句子的哪一部分是重点。这些数据将在现场使用笔记本电脑进行处理，并在返回美国时使用俄亥俄州立大学语言学实验室的资源来调查所研究的声音、单词和短语的物理声学特性。理论分析将贯穿整个项目。这项工作的最终结果将是由学生调查员阿曼达·米勒-奥克休伊森（Amanda Miller-Ockhuizen）撰写的博士论文。

.9705334Khoisan languages are interesting to phoneticians and phonologists because of their large, unique sound inventories. The goal of this project is a detailed description and analysis of all of the contrastive sounds found in Ju/'hoasi , a Namibian Khoisan language, as well as a theoretical analysis of the language which will advance universal linguistic theories. Sounds unique to Khoisan languages are 47 click consonants, as well as many different types of vowels. Vowels contrast not only by where they are made in the oral cavity, but also by the quality of voice used. The language also uses four different pitch levels to convey meaning contrasts, and to make phrasing more perspicuous and maintain rhythm in spoken language. While many languages in the world use pitch contrastively, pitch is used somewhat differently in Ju/'hoasi and other Khoisan languages. In addition, some of the consonants have a depressing effect on pitch, and thus cause physical perturbations in the speech which may be cognitively internalized. These will be investigated to determine how much of these effects are phonological, or cognitively based, and how many are phonetic, or due purely to the physical quality of the sounds. Complete investigation of the sound patterns of Ju/'hoasi will require travel to Namibia to record individual sounds, words, phrases and sentences which contrast by meaning, how they are phrased, and which part of the sentence is being focused on. The data will be processed both in the field using a laptop computer, and upon return to the United States, where resources at the Ohio State University Linguistics Lab will be used to investigate the physical acoustic properties of the sounds, words and phrases studied. Theoretical analysis will be carried out throughout the project. The final outcome of this work will be a doctoral dissertation by the student investigator, Amanda Miller-Ockhuizen.