Collaborative Research: Biogeochemistry of Sublacustrine Geothermal Vents in Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming

美国怀俄明州的黄石湖坐落在一个已知的最大的火山喷发口。通过文物室渗透的地热热水富含碳酸盐、硅酸盐、氯化物和甲烷，某些地方还富含铁和硫化物。拟议的跨学科研究将提供必要的背景，以便开始模拟全流域矿物成分的通量，以阐明地热改变的地下水对接收系统的生物地球化学的贡献。总体目标是对热液喷口系统的生物地球化学通量和质量平衡模型进行定量理解。具体目标包括：(1)确定喷口和喷气孔排放物相对于浅层地下水和沉积物-水通量的重要性；(2)确定海底喷口活动的短期和长期变化；(3)评估通过喷口流体与冷湖水相互作用形成的氧化铁形成过程中磷酸盐和砷与铁的潜在地球化学相互作用；(4)确定非生物硫氧化和微生物介导的硫氧化的相对重要性。(5)确定光合、异养和趋化岩石营养生物量生产的具体贡献；(6)通过测量矿物、有机物、微生物和宏观生物的稳定同位素组成来分析S的转化。该提案是根据环境地球化学和生物地球化学（EGB）招标（NSF 96-152）提交的。这项拟议的研究是与马凯特大学的J. Maki合作进行的。该项目由地球科学部、环境生物部、化学部和MPS多学科活动办公室共同资助。

9708501 Cuhel Yellowstone Lake, WY is situated in the caldera of one of the largest volcanic eruptions known. Geothermally heated water percolating through the relic chamber is highly enriched in carbonates, silicates, chloride, and methane, with some location additionally rich in iron and sulfide. The proposed interdisciplinary research will provide background necessary to begin modeling basin-wide fluxes of mineral components to elucidate the contribution of geothermally altered groundwaters to the biogeochemistry of receiving systems. The overall objective is to develop a quantitative understanding leading to a biogeochemical flux and mass balance model for the hydrothermal vent system. Specific objectives include: (1) determining the importance of vent and fumarole emanations relative to shallow groundwater and sediment-water flux, (2) identifying short and long-term variability in submarine vent activity, (3) assessing the potential geochemical interactions of phosphate and arsenic with iron during formation of iron oxides formed via vent fluid interactions with cold lake water, (4) determining the relative importance of abiotic sulfur oxidation and microbially-mediated sulfur oxidation, (5) determining the specific contributions of photosynthethic, heterotrophic and chemolithotrophic biomass production, and (6) analyzing transformations of S by measuring the stable isotope composition of minerals, organic matter, and micro- and macroorganisms. This proposal was submitted in response to the Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry (EGB) solicitation, NSF 96-152. The proposed research is collaborative with J. Maki of Marquette University. The project is being jointly funded by the Divisions of Earth Sciences, Environmental Biology, Chemistry, and the MPS Office of Multidisciplinary Activities.