Bündelantrag: "Scientific Collaboration On Past Speciation Conditions in Ohrid (SCOPSCO)": Recent and fossil Ostracodes from Lake Ohrid as indicators of past environments: A coupled ecological and molecular genetic approach with deep-time perspective

古奥里德湖具有高度的地方性和未解的地质史。介形虫在至少两个间冰期沉积序列中保存了令人满意的丰度，因此为测试水生生态系统对环境变化的反应提供了独特的记录。我们的初步分析产生了至少62种介形虫，其中至少19种是特有的。由于对生态相关性的了解不足以解释长沉积岩心的化石组合，而且分类学也很困难，我们建议(1)对现代介形虫及其栖息地的环境参数进行自动和分类分析，(2)利用覆盖过去的CO1202沉积岩芯，揭示伊曼和全新世湖系和介形虫组合的响应。136ka，以及(3)利用一个污染地点和一个原始地点的短沉积物岩芯确定人类压力造成的物种灭绝程度。最新的介形类也将被用来(4)利用基因技术建立系统发育和物种形成日期事件。这将使我们能够核实介形虫分类和多样性程度以及由我们的合作伙伴Wilke和Albrecht分析的其他生物提供的物种形成年龄(WI 1902/8)。分类学和自生学分析与遗传技术和化石组合的结果相结合，将用于缩小奥赫里德湖的年龄、物种形成事件的原因和起源。

Ancient Lake Ohrid is characterized by a high degree in endemism and an unresolved geological history. Ostracodes are preserved in satisfactory abundances in at least two interglacial sediment sequences and thus provide a unique record to test the aquatic ecosystem response to environmental change. Our initial analyses yield a minimum of 62 ostracode species of which at least 19 are endemic. Because knowledge of ecological dependences is insufficient to interpret fossil assemblages from long sediment cores, and taxonomy is difficult, we propose to (1) perform autecological and taxonomic analyses of recent ostracodes and environmental parameters characterizing their habitats, to (2) unravel the response of the lake system and ostracode assemblages during the Eemian and the Holocene using sediment core CO1202 covering the past approx. 136 ka, and to (3) determine the degree of extinction due to anthropogenic pressure using short sediment cores from one polluted and one pristine site. Recent ostracodes will also be used to (4) establish phylogeny and date speciation events using genetic techniques. This will allow to verify ostracode taxonomy and degree of diversity as well as speciation ages provided by other organisms analyzed by our cooperation partners Wilke and Albrecht (WI 1902/8). The coupling of taxonomic and autecological analyses with genetic techniques and results from fossil assemblages will be used to narrow down age and cause of speciation events, and origin of Lake Ohrid.