Subsurface Construction, Resulting Ground Movements, and Protection of the Built Environment

这项研究的目的是制定评估、控制和监测地面移动和建筑物损坏的指导方针，这些准则为承包商、设计师和保护者所接受，并将为建筑物提供充分和经济的保护。本项目的任务包括：1)大型模型试验：建造4个大模型缩尺回力墙(1/10比例尺)，研究开挖墙体刚度和建筑物刚度对建筑物潜在损伤的影响。这些测试允许控制环境和材料特性，并允许对墙、土壤和建筑进行广泛的仪器测量和监测。2)现场数据的收集和分析：挖掘和隧道施工的现场数据将提供有关全尺寸结构行为的附加信息。与主要结构工程公司、承包商和顾问公司的合作将提供来自美国和国际上各种挖掘和隧道工程的数据。对这些数据的分析和呈现将为记录行为和改进监测地面移动和控制破坏的指导方针提供关键信息。3)数值分析：对开挖过程中和开挖后地基、挡土墙和周围结构物之间的相互作用进行有限元模拟。分析结果将与现场实例和大型模型试验结果进行比较。4)制定和评估控制破坏的准则：将根据结果制定评价和控制地面运动和限制建筑物破坏的准则，从业人员将参加讲习班。这些建议将为估计各种情况下的典型地面移动建立指导方针，并有助于确定监测地面移动和建筑物反应的经济和准确的方法。对这些指南的评估将围绕两个研讨会展开，这两个研讨会将允许工程、建筑、保护和建筑社区的领导人广泛参与，以确保产生的指南和建议将是安全、公平、可用和具有成本效益的，并在设计和施工领域得到适当传播。

This research is aimed at developing guidelines for assessing, controlling, and monitoring ground movements and building damage that are acceptable to contractors, designers, and preservationists and that will provide adequate and economic protection of structures. Tasks in this project include the following: 1) Large model-scale tests: Four large model-scale tieback walls (1/10th scale) will be constructed to investigate the effects of excavation wall stiffness and building stiffness on potential building damage. These tests allow control of the environment and material properties, and permit extensive instrumentation and monitoring of wall, soil, and building. 2) Collection and analyses of field date: Field data from excavations and tunneling will provide additional information on behavior of full-scale structures. Collaboration with major structural engineering firms, contractors and consultants will provide data from a wide variety of excavation and tunneling projects both in the U.S. and internationally. Analysis and presentation of these data will furnish critical information for documenting behavior and improving guidelines for monitoring ground movement and controlling damage. 3) Numerical analyses: Finite element modeling will be conducted to investigate the interaction between ground, retaining walls, and surrounding structures during and after excavation. Results of analyses will be compared with field cases and with results from large model scale tests. 4) Development and assessment of guidelines for controlling damage: Guidelines for evaluating and controlling ground movements and limiting building damage will be developed from the results with participation of practitioners in workshops. The recommendations will establish guidelines for estimating typical ground movements for various conditions, and help identify economical and accurate ways to monitor ground movements and building response. Assessment of these guidelines will center around two workshops that will allow broad-based participation by leaders in the engineering, architecture, preservation, and construction communities to ensure that the guidelines and recommendations generated will be safe, fair, usable, and cost-effective as well as properly disseminated in spheres of both design and construction.