Volcanic Cloud/Atmosphere Interactions: The First Week

罗斯：这个提议的目的是调查火山云和大气之间第一周左右的相互作用，那时硅酸盐仍然存在，甚至可能占主导地位。我们将使用两个卫星探测器共同获得的数据：a)搭载在许多卫星上的两波段红外探测系统，用于检索硅酸盐颗粒的大小和质量数据；b)紫外线探测器（TOMS），它能够测量二氧化硫，也可以提供硅酸盐的数据。我们的研究重点是：1)研究长时间（2小时）大气停留的火山颗粒的形状；2)研究异常远端沉降物（ADF）的发生，即细火山灰沉降物在大气中停留数十小时后，在离火山很远的地方以异常厚度出现；3)研究不规则火山硅酸盐与火山云中气体的化学相互作用，包括火山灰的润湿性和SO2等气体在火山灰表面的吸附。这项研究的主要目的是产生一个定量的形状指数，用于计算小颗粒的沉降率。这项拟议的研究是由火山云对飞机的危害问题和需要了解基于解释地质记录中过去事件的远端沉降物的潜在危害所驱动的。

9725682 Rose This proposal is aimed at the investigation of the first week or so of interaction between volcanic clouds and the atmosphere, when silicates are still present or maybe even dominant. We will use data jointly obtained from two satellite detectors: a) a two band infrared detection system that is aboard many satellites and which retrieves data on the size and masses of silicate particles, and b) an ultraviolet detector (TOMS), which is capable of measuring SO2 and can also provide data on silicates. Our research foci are to: 1) investigate the shape of volcanic particles with long (2 hrs) atmospheric residence; 2) study the occurrences of anomalous distal fallout (ADF), where fallout of fine ash occurs in unusual thicknesses very far from the volcano after tens of hours in the atmosphere; and 3) investigate the chemical interaction of irregular volcanic silicates with gases in the volcanic cloud, including the wettability of the ash and the adsorption of SO2 and other gases on ash surfaces. The primary goal of this research is to produce a quantitative shape index for use in calculating the fallout rates of small particles. The proposed research is driven by the issue of aircraft hazards of volcanic clouds and by the need to understand the potential hazards of distal fallout based explaining past events in the geologic record.