Genetics of Neurospora

帕金斯 9728675 脉孢菌被用于研究酵母或其他生物不容易处理的遗传问题：（1）在核间顺-反位置效应的研究中，从易位杂合的杂交中获得特定染色体片段缺陷杂合的后代。这些将被检查为受损的单倍体细胞核之间的互补，与确定指定核限制或核相关功能的片段和基因的目的。该研究是可能的存在许多良好的特点染色体重排和获得子囊孢子的能力是异源的同一减数分裂的不同产品。(2)利用不同的孢子杀手单倍型，研究了一个负责减数分裂驱动的复杂染色体区域的结构和内容。crassa和异序种N.四精子。将寻找和表征负责抗杀伤的新变体。该研究是可行的，因为驱动元件的存在通过含有四个黑色和四个白色子囊孢子的子囊可见地发出信号。(3)将在两个分子测序的营养不亲和性（het）基因座上检测来自自然群体的菌株的遗传多态性，这两个基因座控制着细胞核在异核体中共存于同一细胞质中的能力。这种自我-非自我识别的研究是通过插入易位的可用性而成为可能的，插入易位可用于产生每个het基因杂合的部分二倍体后代。 丝状真菌脉孢菌作为经济上重要的真菌和真菌植物和动物病原体的模式。它还继续提供许多高等生物共同过程的基本信息。具有含有两种不同遗传类型的细胞核的脉孢菌菌株，一种具有缺陷的染色体片段，另一种具有相应的活性片段，将用于鉴定功能是核限制的或核定位的基因。通过使用一系列确定的节段缺陷，实验应该揭示具有完全或部分受损的核间互补的基因是否广泛分布在染色体中。这种非侵入性方法应该为细胞组织提供新的见解。染色体孢子杀手复合体的组成正在研究中。这种自私的染色体DNA元件的直接作用在脉孢菌有性杂种的有色子囊孢子中可见。复杂的遗传分辨率应有助于理解进化历史和意义的类似减数分裂驱动元件在高等生物。 脉孢菌是理想的检测营养不亲和基因，能够区分“自我”和“非自我”，从而控制遗传不同的真菌细胞融合，形成一个稳定的多核异核体的能力。在两个这样的基因位点的差异的频率和性质正在检查在一个广泛的调查脉孢菌文化从自然界。该研究有望增加对营养体不亲和性的分子基础以及不亲和性对生物体的意义的理解。

PERKINS 9728675 Neurospora is being used to investigate genetic problems that are not as readily approached with yeast or other organisms: (1) In a study of internuclear cis-trans position effects, progeny that are heterokaryotic for deficiencies of defined chromosome segments will be obtained from crosses heterozygous for translocations. These will be examined for impaired complementation between haploid nuclei, with the object of identifying segments and genes that specify nucleus-limited or nucleus-associated functions. The study is made possible by the existence of many well characterized chromosome rearrangements and the ability to obtain ascospores that are heterokaryotic for different products of the same meiosis. (2) The structure and content of a complex chromosome region that is responsible for meiotic drive will be examined using different Spore killer haplotypes in N. crassa and in the heterokaryotic species N. tetrasperma. New variants responsible for resistance to killing will be sought and characterized. The study is feasible because presence of a drive element is signaled visually by asci containing four black and four white ascospores. (3) Strains from natural populations will be examined for genetic polymorphisms at two molecularly sequenced vegetative incompatibility (het) loci, which govern the ability of nuclei to coexist in the same cytoplasm in a heterokaryon. This study of self-nonself recognition is made possible by the availability of insertional translocations that can be used to generate partial-diploid progeny heterozygous for each of the individual het genes. The filamentous fungus Neurospora serves as a modal for economically important fungi and for fungal plant and animal pathogens. It also continues to provide basic information on processes common to many higher organisms. Neurospora strains with cells that contain nuclei of two different genetic types, one with a deficient chromosome segment and the other with the corresponding active segement, will be used to identify genes whose functions are nucleus-limited or nucleus-localized. By using a series of defined segmental deficiencies, the experiments should reveal whether genes with completely or partially impaired internuclear complementation are widely distributed in the chromosomes. This noninvasive approach should provide new insights into cell organization. Make-up of the chromosomal Spore-killer complex is being examined. The direct effects of this selfish chromosomal DNA element are displayed visually in Neurospora in the pigmented ascospores of sexual hybrids. Genetic resolution of the complex should aid in understanding the evolutionary history and significance of similar meiotic drive elements in higher organisms. Neurospora is ideal for detecting vegetative incompatibility genes that are able to distinguish "self" from "nonself", thus controlling the ability of genetically different fungal cells to fuse and form a stable multinucleate heterokaryon. The frequency and nature of differences at two such gene loci are being examined in an extensive survey of Neurospora cultures from nature. The study is expected to increase understanding of the molecular basis of vegetative incompatibility and the significance of incompatibility for the organism.