Predicting star formation and metal enrichment in quasars for high-redshift ALMA observations

阿塔卡马大型毫米波/亚毫米波阵列（ALMA）将导致观测的量子飞跃，因为灵敏度、角度和光谱分辨率都将比以前的望远镜提高两个数量级。Marco Spaans最近的研究表明，通过CO和H2的红移线以及连续尘埃发射，可以在红移z ~ 10处观测到黑洞质量大于106M突的微型类星体宿主星系。在这个提议中，我们希望对ALMA的未来观测做出进一步的预测。特别是，我们想要解决高红移类星体的恒星形成和金属富集问题，并将其转化为CO和尘埃排放的可观测数据。为此，我们提出了一种基于详细的三维数值模拟的方法，考虑到x射线、喷流和流出的反馈，这被认为是触发恒星形成的因素。作为副产品，我们将为模拟代码创建一个模块来处理富金属系统中的x射线化学，该系统将向公众开放。基于目前对类星体金属丰度的观测和观测到的x射线背景的约束，我们将进一步采用半解析模型来解决小类星体种群的宇宙演化问题。

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) will lead to a quantum leap in observations, as sensitivity, angular and spectral resolution will all increase by two orders of magnitude compared to previous telescopes. Recent studies by Marco Spaans indicate that observations of miniquasar host galaxies with black hole masses larger than 106Mʘ are feasible at redshift z ~ 10 via redshifted lines of CO and H2 as well as continuum dust emission. In this proposal, we want to make further predictions that are relevant for future observations of ALMA. In particular, we want to address star formation and metal-enrichment in high-redshift quasars and translate it into observables for CO and dust emission. For this purpose, we suggest an approach based on detailed three dimensional numerical simulations taking into account feedback from X-rays, jets and outflows, which was suggested to trigger star formation. As a by-product, we will create a module for the simulation code to handle X-ray chemistry in metal-enriched systems that will be available for the public. We further will employ semi-analytic models that address the cosmic evolution of the miniquasar population, based on current observations of quasar metallicities and constraints from the observed X-ray background.