A Grammar of Madurese Syntax

该项目的目标是创建一种描述印尼西南岛语Madurese语法的语法。马杜罗语是世界第五大人口大国中使用最广泛的第四种语言，该语法将填补有关马杜罗语的文献相对较少的空白，并将为语言学家和人类学家提供各种兴趣的参考。虽然这项工作将以生成语言学的一般假设为基础，并将根据理论语言学的最新发展和南岛语言学的最新研究提供信息，但语法将主要是描述性的工作。这个为期三年的项目，将在爱荷华大学和印度尼西亚的西马杜拉进行，将包括：(1)通过与马杜罗语使用者协商，通过直接诱导和磁带记录文本和对话来收集数据，(2)分析和整理数据，(3)创建超文本和印刷专著媒体的语法。该项目将侧重于以下类型的语法考虑：分句成分的语法，如名词短语、动词短语、介词短语；表达回指关系和占有的方式；0句型，如存在句、地点句、连词句、动句、疑问句；条款修饰，包括否定、情态和状语修饰；语法以外的分句，包括补语、配合语、关系分句的构成、状语分句。特别要注意的是语音标记、问题形成、回指和语序，因为这些语法现象在马杜雷语中以重要而有趣的方式相互作用。这些现象也将为当前理论语言学（特别是问题形成和回指，几十年来一直是生成语言学的主要焦点）和比较南岛语研究中的讨论和辩论提供信息，其中许多当前的工作集中在语音标记，问题形成和回指。由此产生的语法不仅有助于提供有关马杜雷兹语语法的详细信息，而且还将为语言学的理论建设提供信息。

The goal of the project is the creation of a descriptive grammar of the syntax of Madurese, a Western Austronesian language of Indonesia. The grammar will fill a void in the relatively small literature on Madurese, the fourth most widely spoken language in the world's fifth most populous nation, and will serve as a reference for linguists and anthropologists with various interests. Although the work will be grounded in the general assumptions of generative linguistics and will be informed by recent developments in theoretical linguistics and recent studies in Austronesian linguistics, the grammar will be a largely descriptive work. The three year project, to be conducted at the University of Iowa and in Western Madura in Indonesia, will consist of (1) the collection of data through consultation with Madurese speakers, via direct elicitation and tape recorded texts and conversations, (2) analysis and collation of data, and (3) creation of a grammar in both hypertext and print monograph media. The project will focus on the following types of syntactic considerations: 0 the syntax of subclausal constituents such as the noun phrase, the verb phrase, the prepositional phrase; 0 the means of expressing anaphoric relations and possession; 0 sentence types, such as existentials, locationals, copulars, verbal sentences, questions; 0 clausal modification, including negation, modality, and adverbial modification; 0 syntax beyond the clause, including complementation, coordination, relative clause formation, adverbial clauses. Particular attention wig be given to the areas of voice marking, question formation, anaphora, and word order, as these grammatical phenomena interact in important and interesting ways in Madurese. These phenomena will also inform discussion and debate in current theoretical linguistics (particularly question formation and anaphora, which have been a primary focus of generative linguistics for decades) and in comparative Austronesian studies, where much current work has focused on voice marking, question formation, and anaphora. The resulting grammar will thus not only serve to make accessible detailed information of the syntax of Madurese but will also inform theory construction in linguistics.