Doctoral Dissertation Research: Sociolinguistic Variation and Language Change in San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia)

9812864 SANKOFF加勒比西班牙语的起源和演变是学术界持续争论的主题，其中最有争议的方面集中在先前非洲和克里奥尔语言的作用上。这个项目调查了在美洲唯一一个已知存在西班牙克里奥尔语（帕伦克罗语）的社区：圣巴西利奥德帕伦克（哥伦比亚）的语言使用情况。因此，圣巴西利奥是研究克里奥尔语在加勒比西班牙语历史中的作用的关键。自17世纪末由cimarrones（西班牙语“逃跑的非洲奴隶”）建立以来，圣巴西利奥社区一直使用帕伦克罗和Kateyano（“卡斯蒂利亚”）两种语言。今天，继续讲帕伦克罗语的居民人数迅速减少，这种语言与早在世纪就在西属加勒比地区出现的非洲-葡萄牙克里奥尔语有关。这项调查有两个主要重点。首先，结合民族志和社会语言学的技术，它将构建一个社会语言学的概况圣巴西利奥记录双语和语言使用的现状（谁说什么，谁和为什么？）评估这些社会因素在语言保持/放弃和变化中的作用。其次，本文将使用定量社会语言学技术，研究两种语言中的三个语言变量：表达的主语代词与零主语的交替; s，h和0之间的变化（例如tu tiene 0/tieneh/tienes 'you have'）;以及初始停止的变量prenasalization（例如do vs. ndo 'two'）。这种方法将是有用的：（a）揭示这两种语言变体之间的共时和历时的语言关系;（B）记录圣巴西利奥居民的代表性截面的讲话。为了改善观察者悖论的影响，社会语言学的概况和收集的数据将主要通过参与者观察和随后的记录在经常性的语言互动的主要网站的讲话来完成。该项目通过将民族志和社会语言学的观察和数据收集技术与现代社会语言学的语言变量分析方法相结合，为研究这个独特但正在迅速消失的双语非裔西班牙裔社区做出了贡献。

9812864SANKOFFThe origins and evolution of Caribbean Spanish are the subject of continuing scholarly debate, the most controversial aspect of which centers on the role of prior African and creole languages. This project investigates language use in the only community in which a Spanish Creole language (Palenquero) is known to have survived in the Americas: San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia). For this reason, San Basilio is key to the investigation of the role of Creole languages in the history of Caribbean Spanish. Since its founding in the late 1600's by cimarrones (Spanish "run away African slaves"), the community of San Basilio has been bilingual in both Palenquero and Kateyano ('Castillian'). Today, a rapidly diminishing number of inhabitants continue to speak Palenquero which is related to the Afro-Portuguese creole language attested to in the Spanish Caribbean as early as the XVI century. This investigation has two main foci. First, combining ethnographic and sociolinguistic techniques, it will construct a sociolinguistic profile of San Basilio documenting the current status of bilingualism and language usage (Who speaks what to whom and why?) to assess the role these social factors have in language maintenance/abandonment and change. Second, using quantitative sociolinguistic techniques, this dissertation will investigate three linguistic variables across the two languages: the alternation of expressed subject pronouns with zero-subjects; the variation between s, h, and 0 (e.g. tu tiene0/tieneh/tienes 'you have'); and the variable prenasalization of initial stops (e.g. do vs. ndo 'two'). This approach will be useful in: (a) revealing the synchronic and diachronic linguistic relationship between these two speech varieties; and (b) documenting speech of a representative cross section of residents of San Basilio. In order to ameliorate the effects of the observer's paradox, the sociolinguistic profile and the collection of the data will be accomplished primarily through participant-observation and the subsequent recording of speech at the principal sites of recurrent linguistic interaction. The project contributes to the literature by the combination of ethnographic and sociolinguistic techniques of observation and data collection and the modern sociolinguistic methodology of analysis of linguistic variables to the study of this unique albeit rapidly disappearing bilingual Afro- Hispanic community.