Direct Digital Field Mapping Using Pen-Based Computers

NSF ILI-LLD计划要求提供80，000美元的资金，以支持一个为期2年的项目，将坚固耐用的现场便携式笔式计算机纳入现场地质课程序列，以实现本科教学现代化。新的基于笔的地图站大约是一个典型的地图板的大小。但不是用彩色铅笔绘制地图，而是用手写笔从显示岩性、结构符号和断层的图例中选择。全球定位系统（GPS）在必要时提供位置数据。数字地图是直接在现场以真实的时间制作的，不需要以后使用地理信息系统进行扫描和编辑。在加州大学伯克利分校这是领先的机构和俄勒冈州立大学在科瓦利斯这是测试网站教授约翰迪勒斯是一个合作的P.L.，我们在地质测绘教学方面显示了长期的专业知识。我们相信，我们可以开发一个新的教学计划，可以作为一个全国性的模式，从基本的实地方法，通过先进的夏令营映射。高级选修课（矿床学、地貌学和构造地质学）也将受益。为此，我们将开发一个程序，这是可移植的，适应性强，并在其他机构适应。在2年计划结束时，我们将评估该计划的易用性，设备维护，可靠性，数据管理和专业地图的完成。一个咨询小组将协助我们扩大用户范围。国家学位的趋势，这表明学生在学士学位课程和增加入学率在现场类加上最近可用的集成GPS-GIS系统与笔计算机为基础的软件急剧加速表明，这是一个及时的奋进。因此，采用这种方法可以满足国家的教育需求，更有效地将地理空间现象的直接观测与本科生的现代计算工具结合起来。我们还希望为中学水平开发有效的示范口粮。为此，我们设计了一个技术获取和培训序列，在UCB和OSU的第一年，从购买和教员测试2个替代计算机平台、GPS和绘图软件包开始。在测试完成后，我们会购买经证明最具成本效益的综合系统，并在教学中使用约18部笔式野外手提电脑，每部电脑均设有全球定位系统。我们将开发、实施和完善全面的直接数字制图能力。从教学上讲，教学将开始与传统的地质特征绘图使用铅笔和地形图的纸质副本。然后，学生将转向基于计算机的测绘，也使用计算机屏幕上显示的地形基础。有了这项革命性的技术，初步测试表明，学生可以快速学习实时映射，以解决各种地质领域的问题，从经典的映射转换到全现场真实的时间数字映射是自然的。它需要完全相同的模拟眼手协调技能，我们目前使用的培训学生。我们在实地进行直接数字制图的计划是对过去制图方法的一个令人兴奋的进步，过去的制图方法涉及将纸质地图带回实验室，并花费数周时间将其数字化以制作数字地图。勘探和环境行业已经在使用这种类型的GPS-GIS测绘技术，我们必须为学生准备这些快速发展的职业机会。

Funds amounting to $80,000 are requested from the NSF ILI-LLD program in support of a 2-year project to incorporate rugged, field portable, pen-based computers in the sequence of field geology courses in order to modernize undergraduate instruction. The new pen-based mapping stations are about the size of a typical map board. But instead of using colored pencils to map, a stylus is used to select from a legend showing lithology, structural symbols, and faults. Global positioning systems (GPS) provide location data when necessary. A digital map is made directly in the field in real time eliminating the need for later scanning and editing using geographic information systems (GIS). At both UC Berkeley which is the lead institution and OSU at Corvallis which is the test site where Professor John Dilles is a Collaborating P.l., we have demonstrated long-term expertise in instruction of geologic mapping. We believe we can develop a new instructional program which can serve as a national model for mapping from basic field methods through advanced summer camp. Advanced electives (ore deposits, geomorphology and structural geology) will also benefit. Towards this end, we will develop a program which is transportable, adaptable, and adaptable at other institutions. By the end of the 2-year program, we will evaluate the program for ease of use, equipment maintenance, reliability, data management and completion of professional maps. An Advisory Panel will assist us to broaden the realm of users. National degree trends which indicate dramatic acceleration of students in bachelor's programs and increased enrollments in field classes coupled with the recent availability of integrated GPS-GIS systems with pen computer based software indicate that this is a timely endeavor. Therefore, adoption of this approach can serve national educational needs to more effectively integrate direct observations of geospatial phenomena with modern computing tools at the bachelors level. We also wish to develop effective demonst rations for the Middle School level. Towards this end we have designed a technology acquisition and training sequence which begins with purchasing and instructor testing of 2 alternative computer platforms, GPS and mapping software packages during the first year at UCB and OSU. After testing is complete, we will purchase the integrated system which proves to be most cost effective and implement it in teaching using about 18 pen-based field portable computers each with GPS units. We will develop, implement and refine full direct digital mapping capabilities. Pedagogically, instruction will begin with traditional mapping of geologic features using pencil and a paper copy of a topographic map. The students will then move to computer-based mapping also using a topographic base illustrated on the computer screen. With this revolutionary technology, which initial testing suggests that students can learn quickly for real-time mapping to solve diverse geologic field problems, the conversion from classical mapping to full on-site real time digital mapping is natural. It requires exactly the same analog eye-hand coordination skills we presently use in training students. Our plan of direct digital mapping in the field is an exciting advance over the past methods of map making which has involved taking paper maps back to the laboratory and spending weeks digitizing them to produce a digital map. Exploration and environmental industries are already using this type of GPS-GIS mapping technology and we must prepare students for these rapidly-developing career opportunities.