Morphology of the Anterior Vertebral Regions and Otophysic Systems of Clupeomorphs and Ostariophysans, with Phylogenetic Implications for the Clueocephala

9903533Grande and depinna这个项目的总体目标是用一些有趣的新特征信息来研究鱼形目（如鲱鱼和凤尾鱼）和鱼形目（如鲤鱼、鲦鱼、鲶鱼）之间的历史关系。我们将对这些鱼类的前椎骨-耳物理复合物进行比较研究。我们检查这些鱼的前椎体区域的基本原理是，从我们的初步调查和其他研究人员的研究中，这个区域似乎是系统发育信息的一个来源，可能是理解几个主要线索头类动物群体关系的基础。我们将重点关注的一个重要鱼类群是拟鱼科。这是一个重要的科学群体，因为它似乎具有用于增强近场听力的诊断棒状力学。此外，骨骼的变化与骨性动物用来传输高频声音振动的结构惊人地相似。因此，原形鱼总科可能是了解棍形鱼和蛋形鱼起源的关键，棍形鱼和蛋形鱼是目前存在的两个最大的鱼类群体。如果团形和成骨性是相关的，那么它们的耳物理变化也是相关的。在这项研究中，P.I.s将调查所有原生小行星鱼属的前椎-气囊复合体的变化，并首次详细描述这种形态。我们将调查和检查所有主要棍棒形态亚群的代表，以观察在原生小行星中所见的前脊柱的改变，并评估其前椎体的改变。他们将根据他们对团形类和星性类群的调查，构建他们的发现的数据矩阵。为了检验字符一致性，也为了真正检验串形目的单系性，我们将在文献中已经提出的字符基础上增加这个新的字符集，并进行分类分析。

9903533Grande and dePinnaThe overall goal of this project is to examine the historical relationship between the Clupeomorpha (e.g., herrings and anchovies) and the Ostariophysi (e.g., carps, minnows, catfishes) with some intriguing new character information. We will conduct a comparative study focusing on the anterior vertebral-otophysic complexes of these fishes. Our rationale for examining the anterior vertebral regions of these fishes is that, from our preliminary investigations, and from those of other researchers, this region appears to be a source of phylogenetic information potentially fundamental to understanding the relationships of several major clupeocephalan groups. One important fish group that we will focus on is the Pristigasteroidea. This is an important group scientifically because it appears to have the diagnostic clupeiform mechanics used to enhance near-field hearing. Further, the skeletal modifications are strikingly similar to those used by ostariophysans to transmit high frequency sound vibrations. The Pristigasteroidea may thus hold the key to understanding the origin of clupeomorphs and ostariophysans, two of the largest fish groups in existence today. If clupeomorphs and ostariophysans are related, then so, too, are their otophysic modifications. In this study the P.I.s will survey all genera of pristigasteroid fishes for modifications of the anterior vertebrae-gasbladder complex, and describe this morphology in detail for the first time. We will survey and examine representatives of all major clupeomorph subgroups for modifications of the anterior vertebral column as seen in pristigasteroids, and to assess their anterior vertebral modifications. They will construct a data matrix of their findings based on their survey of clupeomorph and ostariophysan taxa. As a test of character congruence, and to truly test the monophyly of Clupeomorpha, this new character set will be added to those characters already proposed in the literature and analyzed cladistically.