SICB SYMPOSIUM: Genotypic and Phenotypic Strategies in Chronic Hypoxia to be held in Denver, Colorado

研究不同动物对环境压力的反应，不仅可以确定动物是如何工作的，还可以深入了解某些身体功能是如何进化的。缺氧，或动物呼吸的空气或水中含氧量的减少，是包括人类在内的所有动物在高海拔地区都会遇到的一种环境压力。心脏和肺部疾病会引起类似于在高海拔地区观察到的生理变化。因此，来自多个领域的研究人员正在研究对缺氧的生物学反应，在过去的五年里，有超过5900篇文章出现在这个主题上。一般来说，动物对缺氧应激的反应要么是减少新陈代谢，从而减少对氧气的需求，要么是提高身体运输氧气的能力，以增加氧气供应。氧气供应和需求的调整涉及动物细胞、器官（如心脏、肺和肾脏）、神经和激素控制以及身体功能整合的变化。此外，在暴露于缺氧的人类和动物群体中，可能存在遗传适应。本次研讨会将汇集来自许多研究缺氧的生物学领域的科学家，包括医学研究、动物学家和进化生物学家。演讲者将比较和对比动物王国对缺氧胁迫的不同持续时间的生物反应，从几分钟到几代。研讨会的目标是发展新的跨学科研究，以发现个体如何适应，以及种群如何进化，以应对共同的环境压力。

Studying how different animals respond to environmental stress identifies not only how animals work but also provides insights into how certain bodily functions may have evolved. Hypoxia, or a reduction in the oxygen level of either the air or water an animal breathes, is one environmental stress that all animals, including humans, encounter at high altitudes. Heart and lung disease can cause physiological changes that are similar to those observed at high altitude. Hence, researchers from several fields are studying the biological responses to hypoxia and more than 5900 articles have appeared on the subject in the past five years. In general, animals respond to hypoxic stress either by reducing their metabolism, and thereby reducing their demand for oxygen, or by improving the body's ability to transport oxygen to increase oxygen supply. Adjustsments in oxygen supply and demand involve changes in an animal's cells, in its organs (such as heart, lungs, and kidneys) and in the nervous and hormonal control and integrations of the body's function, In addition, there may be genetic adaptations that occur in populations of humans and animals exposed to hypoxia for several generations. This symposium will bring together scientists from the many areas of biology that study hypoxia, including medical researches, zoologists and evolutionary biologists. The speaker will compare and contrast the biological responses to hypoxic stresses of different durations from minutes to generations in the animal kingdom. The goal of the symposium is to develop new interdisciplinary research to discover how an individual adjusts, and a population evolves, in response to a common environmental stress.