Administration Legalization: Sources and Consequences in American Cities

本研究的目的是探讨管理者对法律责任和一系列组织创新的看法，这些创新可能被称为“合法化”的结构、政策和程序，这些都与责任的威胁有关。本文研究了几个重要问题：1)行政法治化现象有多普遍？2)哪些因素——包括但不限于管理者对责任的看法——最能解释合法化的行政形式在组织中的扩散？3)影响管理者对责任威胁认知的关键因素是什么？4)在实践中，行政形式的法制化在多大程度上（如果有的话）增强了对权利的保护？这些问题将通过对各城市的城市人事部门、公园和娱乐部门以及警察部门经理的调查来回答，并辅以额外的数据。该结果将成为第一个将民事责任作为监管手段的组织、感知和法律变量的全国性数据库。本文的研究将增加我们对诉讼规制制度是否“起作用”以及如何“起作用”的认识。

The purpose of this research is to explore managers' perceptions of legal liability and a range of organizational innovations--which may be called "legalized" structures, policies, and procedures--associated with threats of liability. Several significant questions are investigated: 1 ) How widespread is the phenomenon of administrative legalization? 2) What factors--including, but not limited to, managers' perceptions of liability--best explain the diffusion of legalized administrative forms among organizations? 3) What are the key influences on managers' perceptions of the threat of liability? 4) To what extent (if at all) do legalized administrative forms enhance protection for rights in practice? These questions will be answered using a survey of managers of city personnel departments, parks and recreation departments, and police departments in a wide range of cities, supplemented by additional data. The result will be the first nationwide data base on organizational, perceptual, and legal variables regarding civil liability as a means of regulation. The study will increase our understanding of whether and how the system of regulation by lawsuit "works."