Modelling the Effects of Eddies and Mean Flows on Southern Ocean Biology

该项目试图通过模拟南极磷虾的空间分布来了解生物和物理动力学的相互作用，磷虾是一种小型甲壳类动物，在小尺度上形成密集的聚集或斑块。这些斑块的空间分布似乎取决于海冰的进退，从小尺度湍流到南极环极流的动力学的水团的三维运动，以及食物供应和捕食压力。先前的研究表明，物理过程在较大尺度上占主导地位，而生物过程在较小尺度上占主导地位，但两者作为尺度函数的相对重要性尚未得到系统的研究。这项工作将在全球海洋生态系统动力学研究（Globec）的南大洋实验的背景下进行，这是一项大型的、多研究者对南极海冰下磷虾冬季生存策略的研究。在环南极模式中准确表示斑块的问题是正确表示在模式中未解决的尺度上发生的影响的问题。这里将使用的方法是首先研究一个详细的模型，该模型可以解决磷虾斑块的规模，并有助于分析和理解将在实验中进行的观察结果。这些结果不仅可以使我们对所涉及的误差进行更定量的估计，而且还可以改进南大洋中尺度和盆地尺度模式中磷虾分布的参数化

This project is an attempt to understand the interactions of biological and physical dynamics by modeling the spatial distribution of antarctic krill, a small crustacean that forms dense aggregations or patches on the small scale. The spatial distribution of these patches appear to depend on the advance and retreat of the sea ice, the three dimensional movement of water masses from small scale turbulence to the dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, as well as on food supply and predation pressure. Prior work has shown that physical processes dominate on the larger scale, while biological processes dominate on the smaller scale, but the relative importance of the two as a function of scale has not been investigated systemically.This work will be carried out in the context of the Southern Ocean Experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Study (Globec), a large, multi-investigator study of the winter survival strategy of krill under the antarctic sea ice.The problem of accurately representing patchiness in a circum-antarctic model is that of properly representing effects that occur on a scale that is not resolved in the model. The approach that will be used here is to first study a detailed model that can resolve the scale of krill patches and can help to analyze and understand the observations that will be made in the Experiment. These results will allow us not only to make a more quantitative estimation of the errors involved, but also to improve the parameterization of krill distributions in meso-scale and basin-scale models of the Southern Ocean.***