The Energy and Mass Balance of Coastal Ice Covers in Northern Alaska

阿拉斯加北部海岸的海冰状况发生了重大变化。这些变化可以代表到达地表的阳光比例的变化，从地表进入大气的回辐射的质量和数量的变化，或陆地和沿海海洋热含量的变化。为了提供有关辐射输入、损失和热通量的基本信息，拟议的研究将在阿拉斯加巴罗附近建立5个站点，详细监测雪、海冰、近地表水域和陆地所经历的太阳和大气热通量。这五个地点将包括一个冻土带地点、一个湖泊地点、一个沿海泻湖地点和两个沿海海洋地点。目标将是建立当地的热量预算，关键热事件（雪融化，海冰融化，冻结开始等）的季节性时间，以及反馈机制。方法是使用系泊点（湖泊和沿海地点）或永久站点（冻土带地点）获得时间序列的详细信息，在频繁的有用间隔上进行样线采样以获得空间平均值和变异性，并使用飞机采样和卫星数据来评估巴罗附近的大尺度条件。

Significant change has been observed in sea-ice conditions along the northern coast of Alaska. These changes could represent alterations in the proportion of sunlight reaching the surface, in the quality and quantity of back radiation into the atmosphere from the surface, or in changes in heat content of land and coastal seas. To provide basic information about the radiation inputs, losses, and heat fluxes, the proposed research would establish 5 sites near Barrow Alaska for detailed monitoring of solar and atmospheric heat fluxes as experienced by snow, sea-ice, near-surface waters, and land. The five sites would include a tundra site, a lake site, a coastal lagoon, and two coastal ocean sites. The goal would be to establish the local heat budgets, seasonal timing of key thermal events (snow melt, sea-ice melt, freezing onset, etc), and feedback mechanisms. The approach would be to use moorings (lake and coastal sites) or permanent stations (tundra site) to obtained detailed information in time series, transect line sampling on frequent useful intervals to obtain spatial averages and variability, and aircraft sampling and satellite data to evaluate larger scale conditions in the vicinity of Barrow.