Effects of Confinement on Quantum Fluids

这是一个实验凝聚态物理项目，旨在了解将液态氦限制在一维和二维空间的影响。已经证明，在氢表面上，惰性层，或在T=0极限下出现超流动性的最小氦覆盖层，是液体单层的一半。这就提出了一个问题，即惰性层能否在更弱的衬底上进一步减少，比如碱金属表面。最近的一项计算预测，在铯-银化合物表面，稀氢层不会凝固，而且会表现出超流体行为。最近发现氦-3和其他气体很容易被吸附到单壁碳纳米管的内部。如果氦像预测的那样在低温下保持液态，这将是一维卢廷格液体的实验实现。扭振、热容和脉冲核磁共振技术将被用于研究这些受限量子系统。这是一个实验凝聚态物理项目，旨在了解将液氦限制在一维和二维空间的后果。液氦是一种独特的液体，它的性质在低温下受量子力学的支配，并转变为超流体。超流体状态的物理性质类似于某些金属和合金的超导状态。通过将原子薄的氦膜吸附到固体表面和最近发现的单全碳纳米管的内部通道中，可以利用高灵敏度的质量解耦和其他技术来探索二维和一维超流动性的性质。除了解决降维量子系统的一些基本问题外，这些实验还将揭示高温超导体和人工工程纳米尺度结构的物理学。与该项目相关的学生将接受优秀的培训，使用最先进的仪器，为他们在学术界或工业界的职业生涯做好准备。

This is an experimental condensed matter physics project that seeks to understand the effect of confining liquid helium into one and two dimensions. It has been shown that on a hydrogen surface, the inert layer, or the minimum helium coverage for the appearance of superfluidity in the T=0 limit, is half a liquid monolayer. This raises the question of whether the inert layer can be reduced further on an even weaker substrate, such as an alkali metal surface. A recent calculation predicted that on a cesium-silver compound surface, a dilute hydrogen layer will not solidify and will exhibit superfluid behavior. It has been found recently that helium-3 and other gases are easily adsorbed into the interior of single-wall-carbon-nanotubes. If helium remains liquids at low temperatures, as is predicted, this will be an experimental realization of one dimensional Luttinger liquid. Torsional oscillator, heat capacity and pulsed NMR techniques will be employed to study these confined quantum systems.%%%This is an experimental condensed matter physics project that seeks to understand the consequences of confining liquid helium in one and two dimensions. Liquid helium is an unique liquid in that its properties are dominated by quantum mechanics at low temperatures and transforms into a superfluid. The physics of the superfluid state is analogous to the superconducting state of certain metals and alloys. By adsorbing atomically thin helium films onto solid surfaces an into the interior channels of recently discovered single-all-carbon nanotubes, the properties of superfluidity in two and one dimensions can be explored with highly sensitive mass decoupling and other techniques. In addition to addressing a number of fundamental questions of quantum systems in reduced dimensions, these experiments will also shed insights on the physics of high temperature superconductors and on artificially engineered nanoscale structures. Students associated with this project will receive excellent training, with state-of-the-art instrumentation, that will prepare them for careers in academia or industry.