The Genetics of Speciation: The Genetic Architecture of Premating Behaviors in the Hawaiian Cricket Genus Laupala

抽象的。这项研究的主要目的是检验关于在物种形成过程中发生变化并产生生物多样性的特征的遗传基础的假设。我们将研究在板球属Laupala中涉及配偶识别的声音通信行为的基因组贡献。不同种类的月桂树歌唱不同，并表现出物种特有的声学偏好，这导致了物种内的杂交模式，从而为这个问题提供了一个有用的模型。将测量Laupala的声学表型(包括歌声和偏好)，并对这对新近衍生的物种进行数量性状基因座研究。将构建一个基因组连锁图谱，并将产生一个大的种间育种群体来解决这些性状的问题：1)许多小的加性效应的基因是否在这两个物种之间的歌声和偏好的种间变异和偏好中起着潜在和定向的作用；以及2)影响歌唱变异的基因组区域是否也影响听觉偏好变异？行为差异可能是现代物种之间的主要差异，但我们对这些行为的遗传基础的理解落后于我们对物种形成的其他方面的理解。本研究将着手改变这一不足。目前的工作为未来的研究创造了一个资源，将把离子通道和生物钟基因等候选基因整合到我们的连锁图谱和遗传图谱分析中。交配伙伴之间的功能协调很大程度上依赖于生物定时行为元素的表达，劳帕拉为研究这一观察提供了一个有用的模型。有节奏的行为远远超出了杂交事件的范围，并在许多情况下得到应用，对生物多样性做出了重大贡献。这些不同的行为可能具有共同的力学特性和起源。这些时钟滴答速度的变化可能会导致各种现象，如神经系统疾病、物种形成和多样化节奏的变化。

Abstract. Testing hypotheses about the genetic basis of traits that change during speciation and generate biodiversity is the primary goal of this study. The genomic contributions of acoustic communication behaviors involved in mate recognition in the cricket genus Laupala will be studied. Different species of Laupala sing distinctively and show species-specific acoustic preferences that lead to patterns of interbreeding within species, and thus present a useful model for this problem. The acoustic phenotypes of Laupala (both song and preference) will be measured and a quantitative trait locus study will be undertaken in this recently derived pair of species. A genomic linkage map will be constructed and a large interspecific breeding population will be generated to address questions about these traits: 1) do many genes of small, additive effect underlie and make directional contributions to the interspecific variation in song and in preference between these two species, and 2) do the genomic regions affecting song variation also affect acoustic preference variation? Behavioral differences may be the primary differences between recent species, and yet our understanding of the genetic basis of these behaviors lags behind our understanding of other aspects of speciation. This study will begin to change this deficiency. The present work creates a resource for future studies that will integrate candidate loci, such as ion channel and biological clock genes, into our linkage map and genetic mapping analyses. Much of the functional coordination between the mating partners depends on the expression of biologically timed elements of behavior and Laupala provides a useful model to study this observation. Rhythmic behavior extends well beyond interbreeding events and are deployed in many contexts, making a substantial contribution to biological diversity. These diverse behaviors may share common mechanical properties and origins. Changes in the rate at which these clocks tick may cause phenomena as diverse as neurological disease and variation in speciation and diversification tempos.