X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Throughout the Curriculum: a Powerful Tool for Understanding Molecular Structure and Bonding

【参考译文】最近硬件、理论和软件方面的进步，加上个人电脑价格和性能的迅速提高，使单晶衍射法更加强大，同时也更容易操作。这使得它们在工业和学术界合成化学、材料科学和结构生物学等不同领域的重要性迅速增加。由于这些原因，衍射法在整个课程中都被纳入了这个项目中制作的材料。这些内容包括：1)测试讲师和学生的背景材料和文档；2)测试实验室资源，包括模块计划和实验练习；3)测试综合单晶衍射方法实验室手册；4)学生衍射分析软件和软件文档；5)注释衍射数据集；6)发布这些材料的网站。介绍材料和高级材料都在制作中。在入门级，这些材料侧重于实验得出的结构数据和键合理论之间的关系。在更高级的水平上，这些材料包括对结构/键关系的更全面的处理，单晶衍射的模块适合插入到几个类型的高级课程中，以及支持在专门课程和本科生研究项目中对这些主题进行更广泛处理的材料。这些入门教材面向广泛的学生群体，包括所有科学技术专业的学生、卫生和人类服务专业的学生以及职前科学教师。他们还准备了一种适合非科学和非技术专业和高中化学学生使用的形式。先进材料主要面向化学及相关学科（如生物、地质、物理、材料科学与工程）的本科生。所产生的新材料将通过使用同行审稿人，在两个周期过程中，并通过正式的学生评估工具进行全面评估。这些将包括接触前和接触后的学生结果研究，包括学生的学习和概念理解。测试地点包括大学和高中的实验室和教室。该项目强调了将技术融入教育的主题，并包含教师培训和教师发展部分。

Chemistry (12)Recent advances in hardware, theory, and software coupled with the rapidly improving price and performance of personal computers have combined to make single crystal diffraction methods simultaneously more powerful and easier to perform. This is rapidly increasing their importance in fields as diverse as synthetic chemistry, materials science, and structural biology in both industry and academia. For these reasons, diffraction methods are being integrated throughout the curriculum with the aid of materials produced in this project. These include the production of 1) tested instructor and student background materials and documentation, 2) tested laboratory resources including module plans and laboratory exercises, 3) a tested comprehensive single crystal diffraction methods lab manual, 4) student diffraction analysis software and software documentation, 5) annotated diffraction data sets, and 6) a website with these materials posted. Both introductory and advanced materials are being generated. At the introductory level, these materials focus on the relationship between experimentally derived structural data and bonding theory. At the more advanced level, these materials include a more comprehensive treatment of the structure/bonding relationship, modules on single crystal diffraction suitable for insertion into upper division courses of several types, and materials to support more extended treatments of these topics in dedicated courses and undergraduate research projects. The introductory materials serve a broad student base, including all science and technology majors, health and human service majors and pre-service science teachers. They are also being prepared in a form suitable for use with non-science and non-technology majors and high school chemistry students. The advanced materials serve the needs of undergraduate students majoring in chemistry and allied disciplines (e.g., biology, geology, physics, materials science and engineering). The new materials produced will be assessed comprehensively by using both peer reviewers, in a two cycle process, and by formal student assessment instruments. These will include pre- and post-exposure student outcome studies including student learning and conceptual understanding. Test sites include both university and high school laboratories and classrooms. This project strongly emphasizes the theme of the integration of technology into education and has teacher preparation and faculty development components.